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SWORD OF WORDS

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
9
MULTIPLED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
57
First Total
995
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+7
Add to Reduce
9+9+5
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
12
Second Total
23
14
15
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+3
1+4
 1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

O
=
6
-
3
OUT
56
11
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
C
=
3
-
6
COMETH
64
28
1
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
Q
Q
29
Q
18
Q
239
95
14
-
-
2+9
-
1+8
-
2+3+9
9+5
1+4
-
-
11
-
9
-
14
14
5
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
2
-
9
-
5
5
5

 

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

....

-.-

 

G
=
7
-
-
GOOD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
GO
22
13
4
-
-
-
-
2
DO
19
10
1
G
=
7
-
4
GOOD
41
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+1
2+3
-
G
=
7
-
4
GOOD
5
5
5

 

-.-

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

9
LANGUAGES
87
33
6
3
AND
19
10
1
7
NUMBERS
92
29
2
19
-
198
72
9
1+9
-
1+9+8
7+2
-
10
-
18
9
9
1+0
-
1+8
-
-
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
T
=
2
-
7
TALKING
74
29
2
N
=
5
-
7
NUMBERS
92
29
2
-
=
10
-
22
-
234
90
9
-
=
1+0
-
2+2
-
2+3+4
9+0
-
-
=
1
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
9
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
3
ENGLISH
74
29
2
A
=
1
-
7
ALPHABET
65
29
2
-
-
8
-
19
-
172
73
10
-
-
4+6
-
1+9
-
1+7+2
7+3
1+0
-
-
8
-
10
-
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
8
-
1
-
1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L+A+N
27
9
9
A
=
1
-
2
G+U+A+G
18
18
9
N
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
23
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
2+3
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
3
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
2
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
3
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
4
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
2
2
6
4
10
6
14
8
9
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

 

LANGUAGE

LAND

ENGAGE LAND ENGAGE

 

L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
L
=
3
-
4
LAND
31
13
4
E
=
5
-
6
ENGAGE
39
30
3

 

 

BBC - Languages - Languages - Languages of the world ...

www.bbc.co.uk/languages/guide/languages.shtml‎

Languages of the world. A guide to which languages are most widely spoken, hardest to learn and other revealing facts. Open/close. 1. How many languages ...

It’s estimated that up to 7,000 different languages are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100,000 people. Over a million people converse in 150-200 languages and 46 languages have just a single speaker!

Languages are grouped into families that share a common ancestry. For example, English is related to German and Dutch, and they are all part of the Indo-European family of languages. These also include Romance languages, such as French, Spanish and Italian, which come from Latin.

2,200 of the world’s languages can be found in Asia, while Europe has a mere 260.

Nearly every language uses a similar grammatical structure, even though they may not be linked in vocabulary or origin. Communities which are usually isolated from each other because of mountainous geography may have developed multiple languages. Papua New Guinea for instance, boasts no less than 832 different languages!

 


Exactly How Many Languages Are There in the World?

www.translationblog.co.uk/exactly-how-many-languages-are-there-in-th...‎

Jan 11, 2010 – One of the challenges we face as a language solutions provider is covering demand for the languages that our clients request on a daily basis.

RichardLoyer | January 11, 2010

Exactly How Many Languages Are There in the World?


One of the challenges we face as a language solutions provider is covering demand for the languages that our clients request on a daily basis. So how many languages are there in the World and how do we go about providing translation and interpreting in all of them….?

The invaluable Ethnologue quotes 6909 living languages, that’s one language for every 862,000 people on Earth. Let’s look at some more figures from Ethnologue’s database.

Europe, with ¼ of the World’s population has only 234 languages spoken on a daily basis.

Although English does well as the World’s business language-at least for the time being- it is only 3rd in the league table of native speakers of a first language, with 328M, only 1m behind Spanish but a long way from the 845M Mandarin speakers.

94% of languages are spoken by only 6% of the World’s population, which tells us that there are hundreds of languages with just a few thousand [or hundred] speakers.

Many of these languages would be classified by some as dialects i.e. languages that have evolved from but are still quite closely related to another. This definition, of course, falls down very rapidly as most Western European languages can trace their roots to Latin but would not normally be described as dialects. Some of the African and Caribbean Patois are still seen as dialects, as was Ulster-Scots until fairly recently when it was recognised as a language. http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/

The most famous phrase “a language is a dialect with an army and a navy” is wrongly attributed to Yiddish scholar Max Weinreich, who was probably quoting an anonymous teacher from New York, but it is a neat way to make the definition.

So how many of these languages are regularly translated by Applied Language? Well, it’s a lot but not quite 6909…….we reckon that about 200 languages are translated regularly by our global offices into documents, websites, brochures and anything else you can imagine. The range of languages required by our interpreting team is rather smaller at about 100.

The difference is no mystery; companies that translate their promotional material may be selling into every part of the globe and therefore their need is very broad whilst a hospital in Manchester, for example, will only have to deal with the resident non-native speakers and unwell tourists that come through its doors. Although the interpreting requirement is significant, it rarely exceeds 100 different languages.

Some of the most difficult requests are for languages that unfortunately don’t exist; enquiries for “Indian” or “Eastern European” do pop up occasionally. Similarly, “African” or “South American” can have us scratching our heads.

As a final thought for those of you currently learning another language you might be slightly discouraged by a report from Swarthmore College linguist K. David Harrison who predicts that 90% of the World’s languages will be extinct by 2050. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4387421/

This might make finding translators a little easier, but would surely make our World a rather less interesting place?

 

 

Alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet‎

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that ...

Alphabet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about sets of letters used in written languages. For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation).

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language. This is in contrast to other types of writing systems, such as syllabaries (in which each character represents a syllable) and logographies (in which each character represents a word, morpheme or semantic unit).

A true alphabet has letters for the vowels of a language as well as the consonants. The first "true alphabet" in this sense is believed to be the Greek alphabet,[1][2] which is a modified form of the Phoenician alphabet. In other types of alphabet either the vowels are not indicated at all, as was the case in the Phoenician alphabet (such systems are known as abjads), or else the vowels are shown by diacritics or modification of consonants, as in the devanagari used in India and Nepal (these systems are known as abugidas or alphasyllabaries).

There are dozens of alphabets in use today, the most popular being the Latin alphabet[3] (which was derived from the Greek). Many languages use modified forms of the Latin alphabet, with additional letters formed using diacritical marks. While most alphabets have letters composed of lines (linear writing), there are also exceptions such as the alphabets used in Braille, fingerspelling, and Morse code.

Alphabets are usually associated with a standard ordering of their letters. This makes them useful for purposes of collation, specifically by allowing words to be sorted in alphabetical order. It also means that their letters can be used as an alternative method of "numbering" ordered items, in such contexts as numbered lists.

Contents
[hide] 1 Etymology
2 History 2.1 Middle Eastern scripts
2.2 European alphabets
2.3 Asian alphabets

3 Types
4 Alphabetical order
5 Names of letters
6 Orthography and pronunciation
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links

Etymology[edit]

The English word alphabet came into Middle English from the Late Latin word alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphabētos), from alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.[4] Alpha and beta in turn came from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet, and originally meant ox and house respectively.

History[edit]

Main article: History of the alphabet

A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.
Middle Eastern scripts[edit]

The history of the alphabet started in ancient Egypt. By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals,[5] to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel (or no vowel) to be supplied by the native speaker. These glyphs were used as pronunciation guides for logograms, to write grammatical inflections, and, later, to transcribe loan words and foreign names.[6]

A specimen of Proto-Sinaitic script, one of the earliest (if not the very first) phonemic scripts
In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently "alphabetic" system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script appears in Egyptian turquoise mines in the Sinai peninsula dated to circa the 15th century BC, apparently left by Canaanite workers. In 1999, John and Deborah Darnell discovered an even earlier version of this first alphabet at Wadi el-Hol dated to circa 1800 BC and showing evidence of having been adapted from specific forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs that could be dated to circa 2000 BC, strongly suggesting that the first alphabet had been developed circa that time.[7] Based on letter appearances and names, it is believed to be based on Egyptian hieroglyphs.[8] This script had no characters representing vowels. An alphabetic cuneiform script with 30 signs including three which indicate the following vowel was invented in Ugarit before the 15th century BC. This script was not used after the destruction of Ugarit.[9]

The Proto-Sinaitic script eventually developed into the Phoenician alphabet, which is conventionally called "Proto-Canaanite" before ca. 1050 BC.[10] The oldest text in Phoenician script is an inscription on the sarcophagus of King Ahiram. This script is the parent script of all western alphabets. By the tenth century two other forms can be distinguished namely Canaanite and Aramaic. The Aramaic gave rise to Hebrew.[11] The South Arabian alphabet, a sister script to the Phoenician alphabet, is the script from which the Ge'ez alphabet (an abugida) is descended. Vowelless alphabets, which are not true alphabets, are called abjads, currently exemplified in scripts including Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac. The omission of vowels was not a satisfactory solution and some "weak" consonants were used to indicate the vowel quality of a syllable (matres lectionis). These had dual function since they were also used as pure consonants.[12]

The Proto-Sinatic or Proto Canaanite script and the Ugaritic script were the first scripts with limited number of signs, in contrast to the other widely used writing systems at the time, Cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Linear B. The Phoenician script was probably the first phonemic script[8][10] and it contained only about two dozen distinct letters, making it a script simple enough for common traders to learn. Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically.

The script was spread by the Phoenicians, across the Mediterranean.[10] In Greece, the script was modified to add the vowels, giving rise to the ancestor of all alphabets in the West. The indication of the vowels is the same way as the indication of the consonants, therefore it was the first true alphabet. The Greeks took letters which did not represent sounds that existed in Greek, and changed them to represent the vowels. The vowels are significant in the Greek language, and the syllabical Linear B script which was used by the Mycenaean Greeks from the 16th century BC had 87 symbols including 5 vowels. In its early years, there were many variants of the Greek alphabet, a situation which caused many different alphabets to evolve from it.

European alphabets[edit]

Codex Zographensis in the Glagolitic alphabet from Medieval Bulgaria
The Greek alphabet, in its Euboean form, was carried over by Greek colonists to the Italian peninsula, where it gave rise to a variety of alphabets used to write the Italic languages. One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire. Even after the fall of the Roman state, the alphabet survived in intellectual and religious works. It eventually became used for the descendant languages of Latin (the Romance languages) and then for most of the other languages of Europe.

Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

Another notable script is Elder Futhark, which is believed to have evolved out of one of the Old Italic alphabets. Elder Futhark gave rise to a variety of alphabets known collectively as the Runic alphabets. The Runic alphabets were used for Germanic languages from AD 100 to the late Middle Ages. Its usage is mostly restricted to engravings on stone and jewelry, although inscriptions have also been found on bone and wood. These alphabets have since been replaced with the Latin alphabet, except for decorative usage for which the runes remained in use until the 20th century.

The Old Hungarian script is a contemporary writing system of the Hungarians. It was in use during the entire history of Hungary, albeit not as an official writing system. From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

The Glagolitic alphabet was the initial script of the liturgical language Old Church Slavonic and became, together with the Greek uncial script, the basis of the Cyrillic script. Cyrillic is one of the most widely used modern alphabetic scripts, and is notable for its use in Slavic languages and also for other languages within the former Soviet Union. Cyrillic alphabets include the Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Russian alphabets. The Glagolitic alphabet is believed to have been created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, while the Cyrillic alphabet was invented by the Bulgarian scholar Clement of Ohrid, who was their disciple. They feature many letters that appear to have been borrowed from or influenced by the Greek alphabet and the Hebrew alphabet.

Asian alphabets[edit]

Beyond the logographic Chinese writing, many phonetic scripts are in existence in Asia. The Arabic alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Syriac alphabet, and other abjads of the Middle East are developments of the Aramaic alphabet, but because these writing systems are largely consonant-based they are often not considered true alphabets.

Most alphabetic scripts of India and Eastern Asia are descended from the Brahmi script, which is often believed to be a descendant of Aramaic.

Zhuyin on a cell phone
In Korea, the Hangul alphabet was created by Sejong the Great[13] Hangul is a unique alphabet: it is a featural alphabet, where many of the letters are designed from a sound's place of articulation (P to look like the widened mouth, L to look like the tongue pulled in, etc.); its design was planned by the government of the day; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing[citation needed] (one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block).

Zhuyin (sometimes called Bopomofo) is a semi-syllabary used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China. After the later establishment of the People's Republic of China and its adoption of Hanyu Pinyin, the use of Zhuyin today is limited, but it's still widely used in Taiwan where the Republic of China still governs. Zhuyin developed out of a form of Chinese shorthand based on Chinese characters in the early 1900s and has elements of both an alphabet and a syllabary. Like an alphabet the phonemes of syllable initials are represented by individual symbols, but like a syllabary the phonemes of the syllable finals are not; rather, each possible final (excluding the medial glide) is represented by its own symbol. For example, luan is represented as ㄌㄨㄢ (l-u-an), where the last symbol ㄢ represents the entire final -an. While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system—that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

European alphabets, especially Latin and Cyrillic, have been adapted for many languages of Asia. Arabic is also widely used, sometimes as an abjad (as with Urdu and Persian) and sometimes as a complete alphabet (as with Kurdish and Uyghur).

Types[edit]

Alphabets: Armenian , Cyrillic , Georgian , Greek , Latin , Latin (and Arabic) , Latin and Cyrillic
Abjads: Arabic , Hebrew
Abugidas: North Indic , South Indic , Ge'ez , Tāna , Canadian Syllabic and Latin
Logographic+syllabic: Pure logographic , Mixed logographic and syllabaries , Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic , Featural-alphabetic syllabary

History of the alphabet[show]

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The term "alphabet" is used by linguists and paleographers in both a wide and a narrow sense. In the wider sense, an alphabet is a script that is segmental at the phoneme level—that is, it has separate glyphs for individual sounds and not for larger units such as syllables or words. In the narrower sense, some scholars distinguish "true" alphabets from two other types of segmental script, abjads and abugidas. These three differ from each other in the way they treat vowels: abjads have letters for consonants and leave most vowels unexpressed; abugidas are also consonant-based, but indicate vowels with diacritics to or a systematic graphic modification of the consonants. In alphabets in the narrow sense, on the other hand, consonants and vowels are written as independent letters.[14] The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin (via the Old Italic alphabet), Cyrillic (via the Greek alphabet) and Hebrew (via Aramaic).

Examples of present-day abjads are the Arabic and Hebrew scripts; true alphabets include Latin, Cyrillic, and Korean hangul; and abugidas are used to write Tigrinya, Amharic, Hindi, and Thai. The Canadian Aboriginal syllabics are also an abugida rather than a syllabary as their name would imply, since each glyph stands for a consonant which is modified by rotation to represent the following vowel. (In a true syllabary, each consonant-vowel combination would be represented by a separate glyph.)

All three types may be augmented with syllabic glyphs. Ugaritic, for example, is basically an abjad, but has syllabic letters for /ʔa, ʔi, ʔu/. (These are the only time vowels are indicated.) Cyrillic is basically a true alphabet, but has syllabic letters for /ja, je, ju/ (я, е, ю); Coptic has a letter for /ti/. Devanagari is typically an abugida augmented with dedicated letters for initial vowels, though some traditions use अ as a zero consonant as the graphic base for such vowels.

The boundaries between the three types of segmental scripts are not always clear-cut. For example, Sorani Kurdish is written in the Arabic script, which is normally an abjad. However, in Kurdish, writing the vowels is mandatory, and full letters are used, so the script is a true alphabet. Other languages may use a Semitic abjad with mandatory vowel diacritics, effectively making them abugidas. On the other hand, the Phagspa script of the Mongol Empire was based closely on the Tibetan abugida, but all vowel marks were written after the preceding consonant rather than as diacritic marks. Although short a was not written, as in the Indic abugidas, one could argue that the linear arrangement made this a true alphabet. Conversely, the vowel marks of the Tigrinya abugida and the Amharic abugida (ironically, the original source of the term "abugida") have been so completely assimilated into their consonants that the modifications are no longer systematic and have to be learned as a syllabary rather than as a segmental script. Even more extreme, the Pahlavi abjad eventually became logographic. (See below.)

Ge'ez Script of Ethiopia
Thus the primary classification of alphabets reflects how they treat vowels. For tonal languages, further classification can be based on their treatment of tone, though names do not yet exist to distinguish the various types. Some alphabets disregard tone entirely, especially when it does not carry a heavy functional load, as in Somali and many other languages of Africa and the Americas. Such scripts are to tone what abjads are to vowels. Most commonly, tones are indicated with diacritics, the way vowels are treated in abugidas. This is the case for Vietnamese (a true alphabet) and Thai (an abugida). In Thai, tone is determined primarily by the choice of consonant, with diacritics for disambiguation. In the Pollard script, an abugida, vowels are indicated by diacritics, but the placement of the diacritic relative to the consonant is modified to indicate the tone. More rarely, a script may have separate letters for tones, as is the case for Hmong and Zhuang. For most of these scripts, regardless of whether letters or diacritics are used, the most common tone is not marked, just as the most common vowel is not marked in Indic abugidas; in Zhuyin not only is one of the tones unmarked, but there is a diacritic to indicate lack of tone, like the virama of Indic.

The number of letters in an alphabet can be quite small. The Book Pahlavi script, an abjad, had only twelve letters at one point, and may have had even fewer later on. Today the Rotokas alphabet has only twelve letters. (The Hawaiian alphabet is sometimes claimed to be as small, but it actually consists of 18 letters, including the ʻokina and five long vowels.) While Rotokas has a small alphabet because it has few phonemes to represent (just eleven), Book Pahlavi was small because many letters had been conflated—that is, the graphic distinctions had been lost over time, and diacritics were not developed to compensate for this as they were in Arabic, another script that lost many of its distinct letter shapes. For example, a comma-shaped letter represented g, d, y, k, or j. However, such apparent simplifications can perversely make a script more complicated. In later Pahlavi papyri, up to half of the remaining graphic distinctions of these twelve letters were lost, and the script could no longer be read as a sequence of letters at all, but instead each word had to be learned as a whole—that is, they had become logograms as in Egyptian Demotic. The alphabet in the Polish language contains 32 letters.

The largest segmental script is probably an abugida, Devanagari. When written in Devanagari, Vedic Sanskrit has an alphabet of 53 letters, including the visarga mark for final aspiration and special letters for kš and jñ, though one of the letters is theoretical and not actually used. The Hindi alphabet must represent both Sanskrit and modern vocabulary, and so has been expanded to 58 with the khutma letters (letters with a dot added) to represent sounds from Persian and English.

The largest known abjad is Sindhi, with 51 letters. The largest alphabets in the narrow sense include Kabardian and Abkhaz (for Cyrillic), with 58 and 56 letters, respectively, and Slovak (for the Latin script), with 46. However, these scripts either count di- and tri-graphs as separate letters, as Spanish did with ch and ll until recently, or uses diacritics like Slovak č. The largest true alphabet where each letter is graphically independent is probably Georgian, with 41 letters.

Syllabaries typically contain 50 to 400 glyphs, and the glyphs of logographic systems typically number from the many hundreds into the thousands. Thus a simple count of the number of distinct symbols is an important clue to the nature of an unknown script.

Alphabetical order[edit]

Main article: Alphabetical order

Alphabets often come to be associated with a standard ordering of their letters, which can then be used for purposes of collation – namely for the listing of words and other items in what is called alphabetical order.

The basic ordering of the Latin alphabet (ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ), which is derived from the Northwest Semitic "Abgad" order,[15] is well established, although languages using this alphabet have different conventions for their treatment of modified letters (such as the French é, à, and ô) and of certain combinations of letters (multigraphs). In French, these are not considered to be additional letters for the purposes of collation. However, in Icelandic, the accented letters such as á, í, and ö are considered to be distinct letters of the alphabet. In Spanish, ñ is considered a separate letter, but accented vowels such as á and é are not. The ll and ch were also considered single letters, but in 1994 the Real Academia Española changed collating order so that ll is between lk and lm in the dictionary and ch is between cg and ci, and in 2010 the tenth congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies changed it so they were no longer letters at all[16][17]

In German, words starting with sch- (constituting the German phoneme /ʃ/) would be intercalated between words with initial sca- and sci- (all incidentally loanwords) instead of this graphic cluster appearing after the letter s, as though it were a single letter—a lexicographical policy which would be de rigueur in a dictionary of Albanian, i.e. dh-, ë-, gj-, ll-, rr-, th-, xh- and zh- (all representing phonemes and considered separate single letters) would follow the letters d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x and z respectively. Nor is, in a dictionary of English, the lexical section with initial th- reserved a place after the letter t, but is inserted between te- and ti-. German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all—contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, would come after tuz, in the dictionary. An exception is the German phonebook where umlauts are sorted like ä = ae since names as Jäger appear also with the spelling Jaeger, and there's no telling them apart in the spoken language.

The Danish and Norwegian alphabets end with æ—ø—å, whereas the Icelandic, Swedish, Finnish and Estonian ones conventionally put å—ä—ö at the end.

It is unknown whether the earliest alphabets had a defined sequence. Some alphabets today, such as the Hanuno'o script, are learned one letter at a time, in no particular order, and are not used for collation where a definite order is required. However, a dozen Ugaritic tablets from the fourteenth century BC preserve the alphabet in two sequences. One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.[18] Both orders have therefore been stable for at least 3000 years.

The historical order was abandoned in Runic and Arabic, although Arabic retains the traditional abjadi order for numbering.

The Brahmic family of alphabets used in India use a unique order based on phonology: The letters are arranged according to how and where they are produced in the mouth. This organization is used in Southeast Asia, Tibet, Korean hangul, and even Japanese kana, which is not an alphabet.

Names of letters[edit]

The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic. The names were abandoned in Latin, which instead referred to the letters by adding a vowel (usually e) before or after the consonant (the exception is zeta, which was retained from Greek). In Cyrillic originally the letters were given names based on Slavic words; this was later abandoned as well in favor of a system similar to that used in Latin.

Orthography and pronunciation[edit]

Main article: Phonemic orthography

When an alphabet is adopted or developed for use in representing a given language, an orthography generally comes into being, providing rules for the spelling of words in that language. In accordance with the principle on which alphabets are based, these rules will generally map letters of the alphabet to the phonemes (significant sounds) of the spoken language. In a perfectly phonemic orthography there would be a consistent one-to-one correspondence between the letters and the phonemes, so that a writer could predict the spelling of a word given its pronunciation, and a speaker could predict the pronunciation of a word given its spelling. However this ideal is not normally achieved in practice; some languages (such as Spanish and Finnish) come close to it, while others (such as English) deviate from it to a much larger degree.

The pronunciation of a language often evolves independently of its writing system, and writing systems have been borrowed for languages they were not designed for, so the degree to which letters of an alphabet correspond to phonemes of a language varies greatly from one language to another and even within a single language.

Languages may fail to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds in any of several ways:
A language may represent a given phoneme with a combination of letters rather than just a single letter. Two-letter combinations are called digraphs and three-letter groups are called trigraphs. German uses the tesseragraphs (four letters) "tsch" for the phoneme [tʃ] and "dsch" for [dʒ], although the latter is rare. Kabardian also uses a tesseragraph for one of its phonemes, namely "кхъу". Two letters representing one sound is widely used in Hungarian as well (where, for instance, cs stands for [č], sz for [s], zs for [ž], dzs for [ǰ], etc.).
A language may represent the same phoneme with two different letters or combinations of letters. An example is modern Greek which may write the phoneme [i] in six different ways: ⟨ι⟩, ⟨η⟩, ⟨υ⟩, ⟨ει⟩, ⟨οι⟩, and ⟨υι⟩ (although the last is rare).
A language may spell some words with unpronounced letters that exist for historical or other reasons. For example, the spelling of the Thai word for "beer" [เบียร์] retains a letter for the final consonant "r" present in the English word it was borrowed from, but silences it.
Pronunciation of individual words may change according to the presence of surrounding words in a sentence (sandhi).
Different dialects of a language may use different phonemes for the same word.
A language may use different sets of symbols or different rules for distinct sets of vocabulary items, such as the Japanese hiragana and katakana syllabaries, or the various rules in English for spelling words from Latin and Greek, or the original Germanic vocabulary.

National languages generally elect to address the problem of dialects by simply associating the alphabet with the national standard. However, with an international language with wide variations in its dialects, such as English, it would be impossible to represent the language in all its variations with a single phonetic alphabet.

Some national languages like Finnish, Turkish, Serbo-Croatian (Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian) and Bulgarian have a very regular spelling system with a nearly one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes. Strictly speaking, these national languages lack a word corresponding to the verb "to spell" (meaning to split a word into its letters), the closest match being a verb meaning to split a word into its syllables. Similarly, the Italian verb corresponding to 'spell (out)', compitare, is unknown to many Italians because the act of spelling itself is rarely needed: Italian spelling is highly phonemic. In standard Spanish, it is possible to tell the pronunciation of a word from its spelling, but not vice versa; this is because certain phonemes can be represented in more than one way, but a given letter is consistently pronounced. French, with its silent letters and its heavy use of nasal vowels and elision, may seem to lack much correspondence between spelling and pronunciation, but its rules on pronunciation, though complex, are actually consistent and predictable with a fair degree of accuracy.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way. For English, this is partly because the Great Vowel Shift occurred after the orthography was established, and because English has acquired a large number of loanwords at different times, retaining their original spelling at varying levels. Even English has general, albeit complex, rules that predict pronunciation from spelling, and these rules are successful most of the time; rules to predict spelling from the pronunciation have a higher failure rate.

Sometimes, countries have the written language undergo a spelling reform to realign the writing with the contemporary spoken language. These can range from simple spelling changes and word forms to switching the entire writing system itself, as when Turkey switched from the Arabic alphabet to a Turkish alphabet of Latin origin.

The sounds of speech of all languages of the world can be written by a rather-small universal phonetic-alphabet. A standard for this is the International Phonetic Alphabet.

See also[edit]

A Is For Aardvark
Abecedarium
Acrophony
Akshara
Alphabet Effect
Alphabet song
Alphabetical order
Alphabetize
Butterfly Alphabet
Character encoding
Constructed script
Cyrillic
English alphabet
Hangul
ICAO spelling alphabet
Lipogram
List of alphabets
Pangram
Thai script
Transliteration
Unicode

References[edit]

1.^ Coulmas, Florian (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-21481-X.
2.^ Millard 1986, p. 396
3.^ Haarmann 2004, p. 96
4.^ Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
5.^ "The Development of the Western Alphabet". h2g2. BBC. 2004-04-08. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
6.^ Daniels and Bright (1996), pp. 74–75
7.^ J. C. Darnell, F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp, Marilyn J. Lundberg, P. Kyle McCarter, and Bruce Zuckermanet, “Two early alphabetic inscriptions from the Wadi el-Hol: new evidence for the origin of the alphabet from the western desert of Egypt.” The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 59 (2005).
8.^ a b Coulmas (1989), p. 140–141.
9.^ Ugaritic Writing online
10.^ a b c Daniels and Bright (1996), pp 92-96
11.^ "Coulmas"(1989),p.142
12.^ "Coulmas" (1989) p.147.
13.^ "上親制諺文二十八字…是謂訓民正音(His majesty created 28 characters himself... It is Hunminjeongeum (original name for Hangul))", 《세종실록 (The Annals of the Choson Dynasty : Sejong)》 25년 12월.
14.^ For critics of the abjad-abugida-alphabet distinction, see Reinhard G. Lehmann: "27-30-22-26. How Many Letters Needs an Alphabet? The Case of Semitic", in: The idea of writing: Writing across borders / edited by Alex de Voogt and Joachim Friedrich Quack, Leiden: Brill 2012, p. 11-52, esp p. 22-27
15.^ Reinhard G. Lehmann: "27-30-22-26. How Many Letters Needs an Alphabet? The Case of Semitic", in: The idea of writing: Writing across borders / edited by Alex de Voogt and Joachim Friedrich Quack, Leiden: Brill 2012, p. 11-52
16.^ Real Academia Española. "Spanish Pronto!: Spanish Alphabet." Spanish Pronto! 22 April 2007. January 2009 Spanish Pronto: Spanish < > English Medical Translators.
17.^ "La “i griega” se llamará “ye”". Cuba Debate. 2010-11-05. Retrieved 12 December 2010. Cubadebate.cu
18.^ Millard, A.R. "The Infancy of the Alphabet", World Archaeology 17, No. 3, Early Writing Systems (February 1986): 390–398. page 395.

Bibliography[edit]
Coulmas, Florian (1989). The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-631-18028-1.
Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507993-0. Overview of modern and some ancient writing systems.
Driver, G. R. (1976). Semitic Writing (Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology S.) 3Rev Ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-725917-0.
Haarmann, Harald (2004). Geschichte der Schrift (2nd ed.). München: C. H. Beck. ISBN 3-406-47998-7
Hoffman, Joel M. (2004). In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language. NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-3654-8. Chapter 3 traces and summarizes the invention of alphabetic writing.
Logan, Robert K. (2004). The Alphabet Effect: A Media Ecology Understanding of the Making of Western Civilization. Hampton Press. ISBN 1-57273-523-6.
McLuhan, Marshall; Logan, Robert K. (1977). Alphabet, Mother of Invention. Etcetera. Vol. 34, pp. 373–383
Millard, A. R. (1986). "The Infancy of the Alphabet". World Archaeology 17 (3): 390–398. doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979978
Ouaknin, Marc-Alain; Bacon, Josephine (1999). Mysteries of the Alphabet: The Origins of Writing. Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0521-1.
Powell, Barry (1991). Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58907-X.
Powell, Barry B. 2009. Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization, Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6256-2
Sacks, David (2004). Letter Perfect: The Marvelous History of Our Alphabet from A to Z (PDF). Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-1173-3.
Saggs, H. W. F. (1991). Civilization Before Greece and Rome. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05031-3. Chapter 4 traces the invention of writing

External links[edit]

Look up alphabet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The Origins of abc
"Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico", Damqātum 3 (2007)
Alphabetic Writing Systems
Michael Everson's Alphabets of Europe
Evolution of alphabets, animation by Prof. Robert Fradkin at the University of Maryland
How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs—Biblical Archaeology Review

 

 

English alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_alphabet‎

The modern English alphabet is a Latin alphabet consisting of 26 letters – the same letters that are found in the ISO basic Latin alphabet: ...

 

 

THE USBORNE BOOK OF

FACTS AND LISTS

Lynn Bressler (no date)

Page 82

10 most spoken languages
Chinese 700,000,000 English 400,000,000 Russian 265,000,000 Spanish 240,000,000 Hindustani 230,000,000 Arabic 146,000,000 Portuguese 145,000,000 Bengali 144,000,000 German 119,000,000 Japanese 116,000,000

The first alphabet
The Phoenicians, who once lived where Syria, Jordan and Lebanon are today, had an alphabet of 29 letters as early as 1,700 BC. It was adopted by the Greeks and the Romans. Through the Romans, who went on to conquer most of Europe, it became the alphabet of Western countries.

Sounds strange
One tribe of Mexican Indians hold entire conversations just by whistling. The different pitches provide meaning.

The Rosetta Stone
 The Rosetta Stone was found by Napoleon in the sands of Egypt. It dates to about 196 BC.
On it is an inscription in hieroglyphics and a translation in Greek. , Because scholars knew ancient Greek, they could work out what the Egyptian hieroglyphics meant. From this they learned the language of the ancient Egyptians.

Did You KnowMany Chinese cannot understand each other. They have different ways of speaking (called dialects) in different
parts of the country. But today in schools allover China, the children are being taught one dialect (Mandarin), so that one day all Chinese will understand each other.

Translating computers
Computers can be used to help people of different nationalities, who do not know each others' language, talk to each other. By giving a computer a message in one language it will translate it into another specified language.

Worldwide language
English is spoken either as a first or second language in at least 45 countries. This is more than any other language. It is the language of international business and scientific conferences and is used by airtraffic controllers worldwide. In all, about one third of the world speaks it.

Page 83

Earliest writing Chinese writing has been found on pottery, and even on a tortoise shell, going back 6,000 years. Pictures made the basis for their writing, each picture showing an object or idea. Probably the earliest form of writing came from the Middle East, where Iraq and Iran are now. This region was then ruled by the Sumerians.

The most words

English has more words in it than any other language. There are about1 million in all, a third of which are technical terms. Most
people only use about 1 per cent of the words available, that is, about 10,000. William Shakespeare is reputed to have made most use of the English vocabulary.

A scientific word describing a process in the human cell is 207,000 letters long. This makes this single word equal in length to a short novel or about 80 typed sheets of A4 paper.

Many tongues
A Frenchman, named Georges Henri Schmidt, is fluent (meaning he reads and writes well) in 31 different languages.

International language
Esperanto was invented in the 1880s by a Pole, Dr Zamenhof. It was hoped that it would become the international language of Europe. It took words from many European countries and has a very easy grammar that can be learned in an hour or two.
The same language

The languages of India and Europe may originally come from just one source. Many words in different languages sound similar. For example, the word for King in Latin is Rex, in Indian, Raj, in Italian Re, in French Roi and in Spanish Rey. The original language has been named Indo-European. Basque, spoken in the French and Spanish Pyrenees, is an exception. It seems to have a different source which is still unknown.

Number of alphabets
There are 65 alphabets in use in the world today. Here are some of them: Roman
ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRS Greek  Russian (Cyrillic) Hebrew  Chinese (examples omitted)

 

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

English alphabet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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"The Alphabet" redirects here. For the short film by David Lynch, see The Alphabet (film).

The modern English alphabet is a Latin alphabet consisting of 26 letters – the same letters that are found in the ISO basic Latin alphabet:

Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

The exact shape of printed letters varies depending on the typeface. The shape of handwritten letters can differ significantly from the standard printed form (and between individuals), especially when written in cursive style. See the individual letter articles for information about letter shapes and origins (follow the links on any of the uppercase letters above).

Written English uses a number of digraphs, such as ch, sh, th, wh, qu, etc., but they are not considered separate letters of the alphabet. Some traditions also use two ligatures, æ and œ,[1] or consider the ampersand (&) part of the alphabet.

English alphabet

Contents
[hide] 1 History 1.1 Old English
1.2 Modern English

2 Diacritics
3 Ampersand
4 Apostrophe
5 Letter names 5.1 Etymology

6 Phonology
7 Letter frequencies
8 See also
9 Footnotes

History[edit]

See also: History of the Latin alphabet and English orthography

Old English[edit]

Main article: Old English Latin alphabet

The English language was first written in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic alphabet, in use from the 5th century. This alphabet was brought to what is now England, along with the proto-form of the language itself, by Anglo-Saxon settlers. Very few examples of this form of written Old English have survived, these being mostly short inscriptions or fragments.

The Latin script, introduced by Christian missionaries, began to replace the Anglo-Saxon futhorc from about the 7th century, although the two continued in parallel for some time. Futhorc influenced the emerging English alphabet by providing it with the letters thorn (Þ þ) and wynn (Ƿ ƿ). The letter eth (Ð ð) was later devised as a modification of dee (D d), and finally yogh (Ȝ ȝ) was created by Norman scribes from the insular g in Old English and Irish, and used alongside their Carolingian g.

The a-e ligature ash (Æ æ) was adopted as a letter its own right, named after a futhorc rune æsc. In very early Old English the o-e ligature ethel (Œ œ) also appeared as a distinct letter, likewise named after a rune, œðel. Additionally, the v-v or u-u ligature double-u (W w) was in use.

In the year 1011, a writer named Byrhtferð ordered the Old English alphabet for numerological purposes.[2] He listed the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including ampersand) first, then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironian note ond (⁊) an insular symbol for and:
A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z & ⁊ Ƿ Þ Ð Æ
Modern English[edit]

In the orthography of Modern English, thorn (þ), eth (ð), wynn (ƿ), yogh (ȝ), ash (æ), and ethel (œ) are obsolete. Latin borrowings reintroduced homographs of ash and ethel into Middle English and Early Modern English, though they are not considered to be the same letters[citation needed] but rather ligatures, and in any case are somewhat old-fashioned. Thorn and eth were both replaced by th,[citation needed] though thorn continued in existence for some time, its lowercase form gradually becoming graphically indistinguishable from the minuscule y in most handwriting. Y for th can still be seen in pseudo-archaisms such as "Ye Olde Booke Shoppe". The letters þ and ð are still used in present-day Icelandic and Faroese. Wynn disappeared from English around the fourteenth century when it was supplanted by uu, which ultimately developed into the modern w. Yogh disappeared around the fifteenth century and was typically replaced by gh.

The letters u and j, as distinct from v and i, were introduced in the 16th century, and w assumed the status of an independent letter, so that the English alphabet is now considered to consist of the following 26 letters:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The variant lowercase form long s (ſ) lasted into early modern English, and was used in non-final position up to the early 19th century.

The ligatures æ and œ are still used in formal writing for certain words of Greek or Latin origin, such as encyclopædia and cœlom. Lack of awareness and technological limitations (such as their absence from the standard qwerty keyboard) have made it common to see these rendered as "ae" and "oe", respectively, in modern, non-academic usage. These ligatures are not used in American English, where a lone e has mostly supplanted both (for example, encyclopedia for encyclopædia, and fetus for fœtus).

Diacritics[edit]

Main article: English terms with diacritical marks

Question book-new.svg
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Diacritic marks mainly appear in loanwords such as naïve and façade. As such words become naturalised In English, there is a tendency to drop the diacritics, as has happened with old borrowings such as hôtel, from French. Informal English writing tends to omit diacritics because of their absence from the computer keyboard, while professional copywriters and typesetters tend to include them. Words that are still perceived as foreign tend to retain them; for example, the only spelling of soupçon found in English dictionaries (the OED and others) uses the diacritic. Diacritics are also more likely to be retained where there would otherwise be confusion with another word (for example, résumé rather than resume), and, rarely, even added (as in maté, from Spanish yerba mate, but following the pattern of café, from French).

Occasionally, especially in older writing, diacritics are used to indicate the syllables of a word: cursed (verb) is pronounced with one syllable, while cursèd (adjective) is pronounced with two. È is used widely in poetry, e.g. in Shakespeare's sonnets. Similarly, while in chicken coop the letters -oo- represent a single vowel sound (a digraph), in zoölogist and coöperation, they represent two. An acute, grave or diaeresis may also be placed over an 'e' at the end of a word to indicate that it is not silent, as in saké. However, in practice these devices are often not used even where they would serve to alleviate some degree of confusion.

Ampersand[edit]

The & has sometimes appeared at the end of the English alphabet, as in Byrhtferð's list of letters in 1011.[2] Historically, the figure is a ligature for the letters Et. In English it is used to represent the word and and occasionally the Latin word et, as in the abbreviation &c (et cetera).

Apostrophe[edit]

Question book-new.svg
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011)

The apostrophe, while not considered part of the English alphabet, is used to abbreviate English words. A few pairs of words, such as its (belonging to it) and it's (it is or it has), were (plural of was) and we're (we are), and shed (to get rid of) and she'd (she would or she had) are distinguished in writing only by the presence or absence of an apostrophe. The apostrophe also distinguishes the possessive endings -'s and -s' from the common plural ending -s, a practice introduced in the 18th century; before, all three endings were written -s, which could lead to confusion (as in, the Apostles words).

Letter names[edit]

The names of the letters are rarely spelled out, except when used in derivations or compound words (for example tee-shirt, deejay, emcee, okay, aitchless, wye-level, etc.), derived forms (for example exed out, effing, to eff and blind, etc.), and in the names of objects named after letters (for example em (space) in printing and wye (junction) in railroading). The forms listed below are from the Oxford English Dictionary. Vowels stand for themselves, and consonants usually have the form consonant + ee or e + consonant (e.g. bee and ef). The exceptions are the letters aitch, jay, kay, cue, ar, ess (but es- in compounds ), wye, and zed. Plurals of consonants end in -s (bees, efs, ems) or, in the cases of aitch, ess, and ex, in -es (aitches, esses, exes). Plurals of vowels end in -es (aes, ees, ies, oes, ues); these are rare. Of course, all letters may stand for themselves, generally in capitalized form (okay or OK, emcee or MC), and plurals may be based on these (aes or A's, cees or C's, etc.)

Letter

Letter name

Pronunciation

A a /eɪ/[3]
B bee /biː/
C cee /siː/
D dee /diː/
E e /iː/
F ef (eff as a verb) /ɛf/
G gee /dʒiː/
H aitch /eɪtʃ/
haitch[4] /heɪtʃ/
I i /aɪ/
J jay /dʒeɪ/
jy[5] /dʒaɪ/
K kay /keɪ/
L el or ell /ɛl/
M em /ɛm/
N en /ɛn/
O o /oʊ/
P pee /piː/
Q cue /kjuː/
R ar /ɑr/[6]
S ess (es-)[7] /ɛs/
T tee /tiː/
U u /juː/
V vee /viː/
W double-u /ˈdʌbəl.juː/[8]
X ex /ɛks/
Y wy or wye /waɪ/
Z zed[9] /zɛd/
zee[10] /ziː/
izzard[11] /ˈɪzərd/

Some groups of letters, such as pee and bee, or em and en, are easily confused in speech, especially when heard over the telephone or a radio communications link. Spelling alphabets such as the ICAO spelling alphabet, used by aircraft pilots, police and others, are designed to eliminate this potential confusion by giving each letter a name that sounds quite different from any other.

Etymology[edit]

The names of the letters are for the most part direct descendents, via French, of the Latin (and Etruscan) names. (See Latin alphabet: Origins.)

Letter

Latin

Old French

Middle English

Modern English

A á /aː/ /aː/ /aː/ /eɪ/
B bé /beː/ /beː/ /beː/ /biː/
C cé /keː/ /tʃeː/ → /tseː/ → /seː/ /seː/ /siː/
D dé /deː/ /deː/ /deː/ /diː/
E é /eː/ /eː/ /eː/ /iː/
F ef /ɛf/ /ɛf/ /ɛf/ /ɛf/
G gé /ɡeː/ /dʒeː/ /dʒeː/ /dʒiː/
H há /haː/ → /aha/ → /akːa/ /aːtʃ/ /aːtʃ/ /eɪtʃ/
I í /iː/ /iː/ /iː/ /aɪ/
J – – – /dʒeɪ/
K ká /kaː/ /kaː/ /kaː/ /keɪ/
L el /ɛl/ /ɛl/ /ɛl/ /ɛl/
M em /ɛm/ /ɛm/ /ɛm/ /ɛm/
N en /ɛn/ /ɛn/ /ɛn/ /ɛn/
O ó /oː/ /oː/ /oː/ /oʊ/
P pé /peː/ /peː/ /peː/ /piː/
Q qú /kuː/ /kyː/ /kiw/ /kjuː/
R er /ɛr/ /ɛr/ / ɛr/ → /ar/ /ɑr/
S es /ɛs/ /ɛs/ /ɛs/ /ɛs/
T té /teː/ /teː/ /teː/ /tiː/
U ú /uː/ /yː/ /iw/ /juː/
V – – – /viː/
W – – – /ˈdʌbəl.juː/
X ex /ɛks, iks/ /iks/ /ɛks/ /ɛks/
Y hý /hyː, iː/
í graeca /ˈɡraɪka/ ui, gui ?
i grec /iː ɡrɛːk/ /wiː/ ? /waɪ/
Z zéta /zeːta/ zed /zɛːd/
et zed /et zeːd/ → /e zed/ /zɛd/
/ɛˈzɛd/ /zɛd, ziː/
/ˈɪzəd/

The regular phonological developments (in rough chronological order) are:
palatalization before front vowels of Latin /k/ successively to /tʃ/, /ts/, and finally to Middle French /s/. Affects C.
palatalization before front vowels of Latin /ɡ/ to Proto-Romance and Middle French /dʒ/. Affects G.
fronting of Latin /uː/ to Middle French /yː/, becoming Middle English /iw/ and then Modern English /juː/. Affects Q, U.
the inconsistent lowering of Middle English /ɛr/ to /ar/. Affects R.
the Great Vowel Shift, shifting all Middle English long vowels. Affects A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, O, P, T, and presumably Y.

The novel forms are aitch, a regular development of Medieval Latin acca; jay, a new letter presumably vocalized like neighboring kay to avoid confusion with established gee (the other name, jy, was taken from French); vee, a new letter named by analogy with the majority; double-u, a new letter, self-explanatory (the name of Latin V was ū); wye, of obscure origin but with an antecedent in Old French wi; zee, an American leveling of zed by analogy with the majority; and izzard, from the Romance phrase i zed or i zeto "and Z" said when reciting the alphabet.

Phonology[edit]

Main article: English phonology

The letters A, E, I, O, and U are considered vowel letters, since (except when silent) they represent vowels; the remaining letters are considered consonant letters, since when not silent they generally represent consonants. However, Y commonly represents vowels as well as a consonant (e.g., "myth"), as very rarely does W (e.g., "cwm"). Conversely, U sometimes represents a consonant (e.g., "quiz").

Letter frequencies[edit]

Main article: Letter frequency

The letter most frequently used in English is E. The least frequently used letter is Z.

The list below shows the frequency of letter use in English.[12]

Letter

Frequency

A 8.17%
B 1.49%
C 2.78%
D 4.25%
E 12.70%
F 2.23%
G 2.02%
H 6.09%
I 6.97%
J 0.15%
K 0.77%
L 4.03%
M 2.41%
N 6.75%
O 7.51%
P 1.93%
Q 0.10%
R 5.99%
S 6.33%
T 9.06%
U 2.76%
V 0.98%
W 2.36%
X 0.15%
Y 1.97%
Z 0.07%

See also[edit]
English orthography
English spelling reform
American manual alphabet
Two-handed manual alphabets
English braille
American braille
New York Point

Footnotes[edit]

1.^ See also the section on Ligatures
2.^ a b Michael Everson, Evertype, Baldur Sigurðsson, Íslensk Málstöð, On the Status of the Latin Letter Þorn and of its Sorting Order
3.^ Sometimes /æ/ in Hiberno-English
4.^ sometimes in Australian and Irish English, and usually in Indian English (although often considered incorrect)
5.^ in Scottish English
6.^ /ɔr/ (/ɔər/?) in Hiberno-English[citation needed]
7.^ in compounds such as es-hook
8.^ Especially in American English, the /l/ is not often pronounced in informal speech. (Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed). Common colloquial pronunciations are /ˈdʌbəjuː/, /ˈdʌbəjə/, and /ˈdʌbjə/, as in the nickname "Dubya", especially in terms like www.
9.^ in British and Commonwealth English
10.^ in American English
11.^ in Scottish English
12.^ Beker, Henry; Piper, Fred (1982). Cipher Systems: The Protection of Communications. Wiley-Interscience. p. 397. Table also available from Lewand, Robert (2000). Cryptological Mathematics. The Mathematical Association of America. p. 36. ISBN 978-0883857199. and [1]


Description of the English language

Grammar·
Phonology·
Stress and reduced vowels·
Orthography·
Alphabet·
Dialects·
Language history·
Phonological history

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Latin alphabets

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This page was last modified on 5 June 2013 at 05:21.

 

 

 

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1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

 

LANGUAGE LAND ENGAGE LAND LANGUAGE

LETTERS AND NUMBERS AND LETTERS

 

 

THE JESUS MYSTERIES

Timothy Freke & Peter Gandy

1

999

Page 177

The gospels are actually anonymous works, in which everything, without exception, is written in capital letters, with no headings, chapter or verse divisions, and practically no punctuation or spaces between words.61 They were not even written in the Aramic of the Jews but in Greek.62

 

THE GOSPELS ARE ACTUALLY ANONYMOUS WORKS,

IN WHICH EVERYTHING WITHOUT EXCEPTION, IS WRITTEN IN CAPITAL LETTERS,

WITH NO PUNCTUATION OR SPACES BETWEEN WORDS.

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
-
GOSPELS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
2
O+S
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
3
E+L+S
36
18
9
G
=
7
-
7
GOSPELS
93
48
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
9+3
4+8
3+0
G
=
7
-
7
GOSPELS
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
G
=
7
-
7
GOSPELS
3
3
3

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
7
GOSPELS
93
48
30
-
-
9
-
10
-
126
63
36
-
-
-
-
1+0
Q
1+2+6
6+3
3+6
-
-
9
Q
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

GODS PEOPLES GODS

GOD SPELLS GOSPELS SPELLS GOD

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
-
ESSENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
2
S+S
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
86
50
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
8+6
5+0
2+3
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
5
5
5

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
-
ESSENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
6
SENSES
81
18
9
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
86
23
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8+6
2+3
1+4
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
E
=
5
-
7
ESSENES
5
5
5

 

 

Essenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essenes‎

The Essenes (in Modern but not in Ancient Hebrew: אִסִּיִים, Isiyim; Greek: Εσσήνοι, Εσσαίοι, or Οσσαίοι, Essḗnoi, Essaíoi, Ossaíoi) were a sect of Second ...

Essenes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Essene" redirects here. For the bread, see sprouted bread.

Part of a series on Jews and Judaism

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­Etymology·
­Who is a Jew?
­Jewish peoplehood
­Jewish identity

Religion[show]

The Essenes (in Modern but not in Ancient Hebrew: אִסִּיִים, Isiyim; Greek: Εσσήνοι, Εσσαίοι, or Οσσαίοι, Essḗnoi, Essaíoi, Ossaíoi) were a sect of Second Temple Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE which some scholars claim seceded from the Zadokite priests.[1] Being much fewer in number than the Pharisees and the Sadducees (the other two major sects at the time), the Essenes lived in various cities but congregated in communal life dedicated to asceticism, voluntary poverty, daily immersion, and abstinence from worldly pleasures, including (for some groups) celibacy. Many separate but related religious groups of that era shared similar mystic, eschatological, messianic, and ascetic beliefs. These groups are collectively referred to by various scholars as the "Essenes." Josephus records that Essenes existed in large numbers, and thousands lived throughout Roman Judæa.

The Essenes have gained fame in modern times as a result of the discovery of an extensive group of religious documents known as the Dead Sea Scrolls, which are commonly believed to be Essenes' library—although there is no proof that the Essenes wrote them. These documents include preserved multiple copies of the Hebrew Bible untouched from as early as 300 BCE until their discovery in 1946. Some scholars, however, dispute the notion that the Essenes wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls.[2] Rachel Elior questions even the existence of the Essenes.[3][4][5]

The first reference is by the Roman writer Pliny the Elder (died c. 79 CE) in his Natural History.[6] Pliny relates in a few lines that the Essenes do not marry, possess no money, and had existed for thousands of generations. Unlike Philo, who did not mention any particular geographical location of the Essenes other than the whole land of Israel, Pliny places them in Ein Gedi, next to the Dead Sea.

A little later Josephus gave a detailed account of the Essenes in The Jewish War (c. 75 CE), with a shorter description in Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94 CE) and The Life of Flavius Josephus (c. 97 CE). Claiming first hand knowledge, he lists the Essenoi as one of the three sects of Jewish philosophy[7] alongside the Pharisees and the Sadducees. He relates the same information concerning piety, celibacy, the absence of personal property and of money, the belief in communality and commitment to a strict observance of Sabbath. He further adds that the Essenes ritually immersed in water every morning, ate together after prayer, devoted themselves to charity and benevolence, forbade the expression of anger, studied the books of the elders, preserved secrets, and were very mindful of the names of the angels kept in their sacred writings.

 

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Essenes - New Advent

www.newadvent.org › Catholic Encyclopedia › E‎

One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by Josephus as flourishing in the second century B.C., the others being the Pharisees and the Sadducees.

 

ESSENES

 

T
=
2
-
7
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
-
ENNEAD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
2
A+D
5
5
5
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEAD
43
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
2+5
2+5
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEAD
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEAD
7
7
7

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
-
ENNEA
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
2
A
1
1
1
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEA
39
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
2+1
2+1
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEA
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
E
=
5
-
6
ENNEA
3
3
3

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
5
ENNEA
39
21
3
-
-
7
-
8
Add to Reduce
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
7+2
3+6
-
-
-
7
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
15
-
3
THE
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
30
-
6
FAMILY
66
30
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
-
4+5
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
9
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
THE
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
30
-
6
FAMILY
66
30
30
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
6
FAMILY
66
30
3
-
-
8
-
9
First Total
99
45
9
-
-
-
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
-
-
-
8
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
8
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

INDIA I AND I INDIA

 

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Lord Kapila is a renowned sage and the author of the philosophical system known as Sankhya, which forms an important part of India's ancient philosophical heritage.

Sankhya is a system of metaphysics that deals with the elemental principles of the universe; it is also a system of spiritual knowledge, with its own methodology, and culminates in full consciousness of the Supreme Absolute.

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
7
SUPREME
97
34
7
A
=
1
-
8
ABSOLUTE
95
23
5
-
-
4
-
18
-
225
72
18
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
2+2+5
7+2
1+8
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
9
9

 

Lord Kapila, however, is not an ordinary philosopher or sage but an incarnation of God.

This book deals with his answers to his mother's enquiry about how to overcome ignorance and delusion and attain spiritual enlightenment.

 

 

L
=
3
-
4
LORD
49
22
4
K
=
2
-
6
KAPILA
50
23
5
-
-
5
-
10
-
99
45
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
9+9
4+5
-
-
-
5
-
1
-
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

LORD KAPILA 99-45-9 9-45-99 KAPILA LORD

KAPILA 50-23-5 5-23-50 KAPILA

DEVAHUTI 90-36-9 9-36-90 DEVAHUTI

 

 

Teachings of Lord Kapila | Krishna.com

krishna.com/books/teachings-of-lord-kapila

Lord Kapila's answers to his mother's inquiry about how to overcome ignorance and attain spiritual enlightenment. Lord Kapila is a renowned sage and the ...

Teachings of Lord Kapila

The Son of Devahuti

Lord Kapila's answers to his mother's inquiry about how to overcome ignorance and attain spiritual enlightenment.

Lord Kapila is a renowned sage and the author of the philosophical system known as Sankhya, which forms an important part of India's ancient philosophical heritage.

Sankhya is a system of metaphysics that deals with the elemental principles of the universe; it is also a system of spiritual knowledge, with its own methodology, and culminates in full consciousness of the Supreme Absolute.

Lord Kapila, however, is not an ordinary philosopher or sage but an incarnation of God.

This book deals with his answers to his mother's enquiry about how to overcome ignorance and delusion and attain spiritual enlightenment.

The underlying theme running throughout his answers and throughout Srila Prabhupada's commentaries on them is that one can achieve this goal by practicing bhakti-yoga, the process of linking one's heart to the Lord's heart through loving devotional service.

This series, with original Sanskrit, translations, and purports, sheds light on such topics as the significance of the guru, the psychology of consciousness, the characteristics of a self-realized person, the science of meditation, the nature of transcendental knowledge, and the process of ultimate liberation.

 

 

THE GUINNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA

John Foley

1993

ALPHABETOLOGY

SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

Page 22

The most commonly used numerical symbols throughout the modern World; the so-called Arabic numerals

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

derive ultimately from a system developed by the Hindus in India sometime between the 3rd Century B,C. and 6th Century A.D.

The more rounded Western Arabic numerals were introduced into Spain by the Moors in the 10th Century.

The first European to take serious note of the new numeration was the French scholar Gerbert of Aurilliac (Pope Sylvester II from 999 to 1003) who had studied the system in Spain

The Hindus are also credited with the invention at some unknown date of the symbol for zero, which was first written as a small circle and later reduced to a large dot.

The nine Indian figures are : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

With these nine figures and with the sign O any number may be written.

Leonardo of Pisa

Liber abaci

 

 

1234 5 6789

ONE TWO THREE FOUR 5FIVE5 SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

1234 5 6789 9876 5 4321

NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX 5FIVE5 FOUR THREE TEO ONE

9876 5 4321

 

 

-
LOVE
-
-
-
2
L+O
27
9
9
2
V+E
27
9
9
4
LOVE
54
18
18
-
-
5+4
1+8
1+8
4
LOVE
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EVOLVE
-
-
-
2
E+V
27
9
9
2
O+L
27
9
9
2
V+E
27
9
9
6
EVOLVE
81
27
27
-
-
8+1
2+7
2+7
6
EVOLVE
9
9
9

 

 

THE LOST LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLISM

Harold Bayley

The Lost Language of Symbolism: An Inquiry into the Origin of Certain Letters,

Words, Names, Fairy-Tales, Folklore, and Mythologies. 2 vol. 1912

Page 41

"Mysticism has universally taught that every man has within himself the germs or seeds of Divinity, and that by self-conquest these sparks of Heaven may be fanned into a flame, the flame into a fire, the fire into a star, and the star into a sun."

 

 

THE LOST LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLISM

Harold Bayley

The Lost Language of Symbolism: An Inquiry into the Origin of Certain Letters,

Words, Names, Fairy-Tales, Folklore, and Mythologies. 2 vol. 1912

INTRODUCTION

"... Although etymologists are agreed that language is fossil poetry and that the creation of every word was originally a poem embodying a bold metaphor or a bright conception, it is quite unrealised how close and intimate a relation exists between symbolism and philology. But, as Renouf points out, " It is not improbable that the cat, in Egyptian Mau, became the symbol of the Sun-God or Day, because the word Mau also means light." 1 Renouf likewise notes that not only was RA the name of the Sun-God, but that it was also the usual Egyptian word for Sun. Similarly the Goose, one of the symbols of SEB, was called a Seb ; the Crocodile, one of the symbols of SEBEK, was called a Sebek; the Ibis, one of the symbols of TECHU, was called a Techu ; and the Jackal, one of the symbols of ANPU (ANUBIS), was called an Anpu.
Parallels to this Egyptian custom are also traceable in Europe, where, among the Greeks, the word Psyche served not only to denote the Soul but also the Butterfly, a symbol of the Soul; and the word Mylitta served both as the name of a Goddess and of her symbol the Bee. Among the ancient Scandinavians the Bull, one of the symbols of THOR, was named a Thor, this being an example, according to Dr Alexander Wilder, " of the punning so common in those times, often making us uncertain whether the accident of similar name or sound led to adoption as a symbol or was merely a blunder." 2
I was unaware that there was any ancient warrant for what I supposed to be the novel supposition that in many / Page12 / instances the names of once-sacred animals contain within themselves the key to what was originally symbolised. The idea that identities of name were primarily due to punning, to blunder, or to accident, must be dispelled when we find that-as in most of the examples noted by myself -the symbolic value of the animal is not expressed by a homonym or pun, but in monosyllables that apparently are the debris of some marvellously ancient, prehistoric, almost extinct parent tongue. Modern language is a mosaic in which lie embedded the chips and fossils of predecessors in comparison with whose vast antiquity Sanscrit is but a speech of yesterday. In its glacier-like progress, Language must have brought down along the ages the detritus of tongues that were spoken possibly millions of years before the art of recording by writing was discovered, but which, notwithstanding, were indelibly inscribed and faithfully preserved in the form of mountain, river, and country names. Empires may disappear and nations be sunk into oblivion under successive waves of invasion, but place names and proper names, preserved traditionally by word of mouth, remain to some extent inviolate; and it is, I am convinced, in this direction that one must look for the hypothetical mother-tongue of the hypothetical people, known nowadays as "Aryans. "

Page 11. Notes.1 On the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion 0/
Ancient Egypt, p. 237 ; Hibbcrt Lectures, p. 879. 2 Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology, R. Payne-Knight,
P.124.

 

-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L
12
3
3
A
=
1
-
2
A
1
1
1
N
=
5
-
3
N
14
5
5
G
=
7
-
2
G
7
7
7
U
=
3
-
3
U
21
3
3
A
=
1
-
3
A
1
1
1
G
=
7
-
4
G
7
7
7
E
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
3
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
2
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
3
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
4
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
2
2
6
4
10
6
14
8
9
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L
12
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
3
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
G
=
7
-
2
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
7
U
=
3
-
3
U
21
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
4
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
7
E
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
2
6
10
14
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
-
1+0
1+4
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
2
6
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5
-
2
6
1
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
2
L+A+N
27
9
9
A
=
1
-
2
G+U+A+G
18
18
9
N
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
LANGUAGE
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
A
1
1
1
A
=
1
-
2
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
2
L
12
3
3
U
=
3
-
3
U
21
3
3
E
=
5
-
3
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
3
N
14
5
5
G
=
7
-
2
G
7
7
7
G
=
7
-
4
G
7
7
7
-
-
32
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
32
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
6+8
3+2
3+2
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
LANGUAGE
5
5
5

 

 

L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
L
=
3
-
2
LAND
31
13
4
E
=
1
-
2
ENGAGE
39
30
3

 

 

SOME MYSTICAL ADVENTURES

G, R, S. Mead 1910

XIII

ON THE ART OF SYMBOLISM.

Page 180

"The Mind of the Father hath sown symbols through the world."

THE CHALDAEAN ORACLES.

" MANY people talk vaguely about symbols and some are really interested in symbolism; but even of those who may happen to possess a little learning on the subject, how few are there who, if they turn and really face themselves and there is no audience to play to, can say they have got to the heart of the matter, or know how rightly to seize the proteus whose changing forms they are ever grasping at, and so force it to speak true words?
I, for my part, freely admit that I am as yet far from the real heart of the matter. I cannot yet hold the proteus steady and force it to speak true words of power; but there is joy in the game of catch-as-can-catch, and I am game for a short bout; though doubtless, as of yore, the wily one will change into something I have never thought of before, and I shall have no grip in mind to hold him.

Page 181

'Symbol' is no native name; it is a Greek importation (symbolon), and its root-meaning is said to be a sign, or token, by which one knows or infers a thing. The utterance of this word should awaken in us the idea of putting together (sym-ballein), with the notion (in the passive) of to correspond and to tally. But to put together is to compare, and so to compare one's own opinion with facts, and hence to conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret; and it is from this last meaning that, the wisdom of the word-books tells us, we get the meaning of symbol as a sign, or token, by which one knows or infers a thing.
I am afraid that we have not yet grasped our proteus amid all these changing forms of words. A symbol is a sign, but that again is a Latin importation (signum), and we may pass it by. A symbol is a token; that is good English. Token is connected with to teach, to point out, show, witness; to betoken is to be a symbol of.
But words will not help us much; they are forms of speech that are ever slipping away into other forms. A symbol is not a word; it is something more fundamental; in its proper meaning it is something almost more primitive than an ideogram, or type-picture. Let us go in search of the idea-the living idea, not some abstract inference-the fulness, not the flat.
If there is a 'flat-land' as compared with a / Page 182 / three-dimensional land, may we not think of symbol-language as a three-dimensional language, so to speak, when compared with the' flat' languages of ordinary speech? Or, to use these words in a deeper meaning, speech in its most primitive mode is action, and so symbolic action, or drama, might be said to be the true symbol­language. This symbol - or three-dimensional language is closely connected with ceremony. And ceremony (Lat. eeremonia) is a word formed on a stem that grows from the root ere (as in creo, I make, create), which is of the same origin as the Sanskrit kri (as in karma, action, doing). A ceremony is a sacred rite; that is, it is typical, and as such should be of creative potency, for as the Chaldaean Oracle has it: "The Mind of the Father hath sown symbols through the world." That which is typical is ideal, for type and idea are synonyms.
Are we now getting any nearer the heart of the matter? Are we beginning to make our symbols alive? Can we afford to dismiss any true symbol with the dull remark: "It's only a symbol"? The universe itself is a symbol; man is a symbol.
Even in their lowest strata symbols are the ' out-lines,' so to say, of three-dimensional objects from some point of view, seen from one side or another; and' out-line' in its inner meaning is / Page 183 / intimately connected with idea; it is, as it were, a ground-plan.
Now as symbols in this sense have to do with ideas and types, are connected with the living side of things, it is not possible to interpret a symbol in one set fashion only and tie it down to one set form. We cannot make an 'exact science' of symbolism; it is initiatory rather than didactic; it 'starts' one towards living ideas, it does not peg us out in some rigid configuration.
So that if it is asked, how does one know that this or that is the right interpretation of any particular symbol, it is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to prove it in the way of physical demonstration. If the interpretation really fits, there will be a response within. It will be a living response; not the imprisoning of the mind in a dead form. In the interpretation of symbols we must be prepared to give up exactness, in the way it is generally understood, and allow our minds free play. At the beginning it is best to use any hint that seems to promise well; first apply it in every direction, then as soon as ever it has led to another clue, throw it away.
In learning the great language of symbols it is necessary to keep the mind ever free, plastic, and adaptable. If we persist in keeping stuck in the old ruts, we shall never learn the meaning / Page 184 / of symbols. The beauty of great symbols is the infinite variety of their modes of interpretation. To think there is only one definite interpretation for each symbol is to paralyse one's symbol-mind, and make it fall dead and flat into the superficial. One should play with symbols as a mathematician plays with numbers; symbols are the playthings of the gods. And I think the secret of interpreting symbols is to get the symbol first into one's mind, and not one's mind into the symbol.
The mind should not be allowed to relate itself to the symbol, should not allow itself to be attracted by the picture into going out of itself and crystallising itself into one form; but the symbol should rather be compelled to relate itself to the mind. It should be taken into the mind, and then the mind will be able to see it from every side and grasp it as a whole.
Symbol-language has its letters and its words, and the above may be suggested as a method of learning the alphabet. But symbol-language is not the same thing quite as symbolical language, nor is it to be confused with metaphorical language. Metaphor is transferring the meaning of one word to another in ordinary speech. It is exceedingly important, quite a mystic art, a sort of game of 'general post' among the ideas connected with words.
A metaphor gives a meaning that is not to be / Page 185 / understood literally, or according to the face­value of the letters as we know them, but a reading of root-ideas, as it were, abstracting or subtracting the substance from them. That is to say, we take away the substance that built the idea and keep the idea, and then expand it and spread it out cosmically in every direction. Metaphors may be said to be more connected with substance, symbols with spirit.
Symbols should be ' eaten' and' digested,' so to say. Triangles and svastikas, for instance, might be said to be symbols which, when gazed upon in an ecstatic state of mind-that is, taken within and contemplated-nourish the body of essence; if made alive they create pleasing sensations in it, stimulate, feed, and excite it, rearrange all its activities, alter the currents in it and build it. All great symbols are said to do this-that is, all cosmic symbols or forms that are directly related to things-that-are. These cosmic symbols suggest modes of creative energies; when creative powers act they draw certain patterns and plans and not others; and these patterns, types, and ideas are cosmic symbols, and it is by ecstatically gazing at them, that they nourish our root-substance and so enform it cosmically, or in a harmonious or orderly fashion.
Symbols are toys in the great game. We / Page 186 / should thus learn to play with symbols in the true Kindergarten, the' everlasting revelling­place '-the essential substance that is our nursery and our cradle, and our womb for birth into greater things. But this game is a living thing; we should make symbols act; we learn little while we keep them steady. A true symbol should be ever in motion. Nor should we be satisfied till we can glide from one symbol to another. While we think of symbols as dead detached objects cut off from one another, and bearing no relation to each other, we shall know nothing. We should play with them, draw them or picture them from every stand­point, till we catch fresh glimpses every moment.
Let us think of one great world-body ever in motion; all true symbols may be said to be attempts to snapshot this object in motion. They are like separate films for a cinemato­graph; the great difficulty is to get them in their right sequence and make them pass in procession before the inner eye. If we could manage to do this and obtain the right sequence for a moment, then we should get in touch with some real living ideas. But the right grouping of the symbols is essential. However, the more we practise, the better we guess, the faster will the real ideas come. It is perhaps the greatest of arts-the true practice of the / Page 187 / art of symbolism. We can do it with our minds, with our eyes, with our bodies. Indeed if we could act this continuity between symbols, we should, it is said, breathe in ideas with every movement of the essential body; but this is far more difficult than practising with our minds.
Of course all this applies only to true symbols; many things called symbols are distorted or false appearances. No signs, no symbols, are worth anything unless they signify facts; that is to say, unless they represent transformations which will be experienced when inner vision develops.
A true symbol is something capable of con­taining life. It is never of any arbitrary shape. It must be, or it will never convey living ideas. Symbols, I believe, are not given to make us think in the ordinary sense; their main use is to convey life to our life and bring about a union.Their real use is to convey life of such power that it is capable of actually making an impression, or depression, upon the substance with which the higher mind is connected. They are the link between thought and action. Symbolism is connected with sigils, signatures, characters, types, in their root-meanings, with all the nomenclature connected with the impression of ideas on substance.
Before a man is capable of causing his subtle / Pagee 188 / substance to go through all these transformations, * or metamorphoses, at which we have hinted, before these' initiations '-beginnings or startings-can really take place in the root­matter of his vehicles, it is possible for the transformations actually to take place in symbol in his higher mind of ideation. And this is a very desirable thing. To accomplish it in body is doubtless possible for a few only; but to accomplish it in mind is possible for many more. It is not dangerous, and it is a great developer of mental capacity.
It is a method of contemplation. The symbol­learner should strive to get the mind quite still; to get the idea of the mind being as it were a sea of subtle substance. He must not think discursively; must not space out separate.? symbols and look at them one after the other; but try to 'feel' the mind-substance being moulded.

Page 189

If, for instance, he think of 'potter' and , clay,' he should try to imagine the substance of the mind being moulded from one to the other continuously backwards and forwards, and watch them grow within himself. When practising symbols we should never' objectivise' or project; we should rather' feel' them grow within, and then an occasional idea may flash through.
It is, however, not desirable to pay too much attention to these ideas, for noticing them immediately transfers the consciousness to another' plane' of mind; for though this practice is a mental one it is not in itself a , science.' It is better to notice the ideas that flash forth just sufficiently to record them on the memory-plate, so that they can be used later when the tranquillity of mind that is the essential condition of the practice, has been left.
The world-body, or great surround, or essence­envelope, of every man may be thought of as, so to speak, the L.C. M., or rather G.C.M., of all symbols. It is a useful practice to play with spheres and circles and conic sections, and so try to get ideas along these lines. It is quite credible that it is possible to resolve every symbol into an 'attitude,' so to say, or 'action,' or rather' activity,' of this world-body, and / Page 190 / so connect and link up all symbols by means of this world-soul, which is soul and body also.
This world-body may be said to be our way out of manhood into the cosmos; and so also is the art of symbolism the way out of men's language into the language of the gods. Root­symbols may be regarded as fundamental lines and curves which carry with them certain powers and certain meanings, and these lines and curves are to be found in every science and art of men. They are, from this standpoint, the roots from which all sciences and arts grow, the foundations on which they are built, the gates forth to greater worlds.
It is not, however, to be supposed that such symbolism is the end of the matter; by no means. It is introductory to the linking of Mind on to this world-body. Symbols are, so to say, snapshots of the self-motivity of this world-body; they teach concerning its breathing, concerning the pulsing of its heart.
And even as we can get from art to science or gnosis by means of symbols, so can we get from mind to mind and from Person to Person, - not personality, but the Higher Person or Mind.
But this world-body does not mean a mass of some vast size. This world-body has no definite size; it breathes and is a different size for every mode of breath. It is a node, rather. It is an / Page 191 / ' atom' ordered according to the greater cosmos; and in the greater cosmos the mystics say all things are the same size, or all things are any size, or, again, there is no such thing as size. It does not count in the greater consciousness, any more than we think of the' size' of our breath; though from another point of view, mystically considered, the objective worlds of size are in the breath of the Gods; they breathe and the worlds act, but the Gods do not consider their size.
It might thus be said that every man's world­body is the same size. They are all exactly alike; each is an 'atom,' each is a scale. It is our Great Person or Higher Self that decides what key the scale is in. This means that our Divine Word relates our group of 'letters,' or ' sounds,' or 'planets,' on to something further, and gives them a peculiar meaning of their own. Yet every world-body consists of the same letters, the same groups of sounds, otherwise the Holy Confraternity would be an impossibility.
All this is intimately connected with the mystery of Spirit or Divine Breath; so that when a man's mind is capable of being' fired' with Spirit, it can immediately mould and form
his substance into symbols. It is this power of continually forming man's substance into symbols which brings with it the power of understanding, / Page 192 / for symbols may be said to be the link between substance and Spirit.
It should be noted in this connection, that this language of symbols does not teach us about reincarnation; it is not on that side of things, and this interpretation cannot be forced upon it. Reincarnation is connected with the mind of man, and can be talked about in words; symbols depict the activities of Life in the man's world-body, and are not concerned with death, or form in activity, and the experiences of little persons.
Symbols have rather to do with that which is aeonian, or age-long. A true symbol must be of world-wide experience and age-long ex­perience; it must not be local or temporary.
Thus the only way to control the proteus of symbolism is by becoming him, and so keeping pace with every change, transformation, or metamorphosis; and if one is not as yet strong enough to grip the heart of the matter, at any rate it is something to know the futility of trying to get a true hold by grasping at this or that fleeting appearance.

Page 188. Notes. * The earliest redactor of the Naassene Document writes: "And the Chaldreans say that Soul is very difficult to discover and hard to understand; for it never remains of the same appearance, or form, or in the same state, so that one can describe it by a general type, or comprehend it by an essential quality." On this the Church Father Hippolytus comments, referring to the Naassenes, or Disciples of the Serpent of Wisdom: "These variegated metamorphoses they have laid down in the Gospel super­scribed 'According to the Egyptians.''' (See Thrice­greatest Hermes, i. 150.)

 

NAASSENE 51111555 NAASSENE

 

-
-
-
-
-
NAASSENE
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
24
-
8
NAASSENE
78
42
24
-
-
2+4
-
-
-
7+8
4+2
2+4
-
-
6
4
8
NAASSENE
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
6
4
8
NAASSENE
6
6
6

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
NAASSENES
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
25
-
9
NAASSENES
97
52
25
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
9+7
5+2
2+5
-
-
7
4
9
NAASSENES
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
7
4
9
NAASSENES
7
7
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
NAASSENES
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A+A+S+S+S
59
32
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
25
-
9
NAASSENES
97
52
25
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
9+7
5+2
2+5
-
-
7
4
9
NAASSENES
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
7
4
9
NAASSENES
7
7
7

 

 

LIGHT 56-29-11-2-11-29-56 LIGHT

ISIS 56-20-2-2-56 ISIS

 

 

H
=
8
-
-
HEAVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
H+A
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
E+V+E+N
46
19
1
H
=
8
-
6
HEAVEN
55
28
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
2+8
1+0
H
=
8
4
6
HEAVEN
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
H
=
8
4
6
HEAVEN
1
1
7

 

 

E
=
5
-
5
EVENS
65
20
2
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2

 

 

M
=
4
-
-
MANNA
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
M+A
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
5
MANNA
43
16
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
1+6
1+6
M
=
4
4
5
MANNA
7
7
7

 

 

E
=
5
-
-
EARTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
E
=
5
4
5
EARTH
7
7
7

 

 

H
=
8
-
-
HEART
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
H
=
8
4
5
HEART
7
7
7

 

 

H
=
8
-
-
HEART
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
H
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
T
2
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
H
=
8
4
5
HEART
7
7
7

 

 

E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
25
H
=
8
-
5
THERA
52
25
25
H
=
8
-
5
TERA
52
25
25

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LIVED
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
L
=
3
-
5
LIVED
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
L
=
3
4
5
LIVED
7
7
7

 

 

D
=
3
-
-
DEVIL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
D
4
4
4
D
=
3
-
5
DEVIL
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
D
=
3
4
5
DEVIL
7
7
7

 

 

E
=
3
-
-
EVIL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
E
=
3
-
4
EVIL
48
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+8
2+1
2+1
E
=
3
4
4
EVIL
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
E
=
3
4
4
EVIL
3
3
3

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
L
=
3
-
4
LIVE
48
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+8
2+1
2+1
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE
3
3
3

 

 

L
=
3
4
4
LIVE
48
21
21
E
=
3
4
4
EVIL
48
3
3
V
=
3
-
4
VEIL
48
21
21
V
=
3
-
4
VILE
48
21
21
L
=
3
-
4
LEVI
48
21
21

 

 

Man's inhumanity to man - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man's_inhumanity_to_man

Man was made to mourn: A Dirge ... to man. Makes countless thousands mourn! ... to man and that is to try, in one's own life, to exemplify man's humanity to man.

The phrase "Man's inhumanity to man" is first documented in the Robert Burns poem called Man was made to mourn: A Dirge in 1784. It is possible that Burns reworded a similar quote from Samuel von Pufendorf who in 1673 wrote, "More inhumanity has been done by man himself than any other of nature's causes."

Man was made to mourn: A Dirge[1]

Many and sharp the num'rous ills
Inwoven with our frame!
More pointed still we make ourselves
Regret, remorse, and shame!
And man, whose heav'n-erected face
The smiles of love adorn, -
Man's inhumanity to man
Makes countless thousands mourn!

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ASSASSINS
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
44
-
14
ASSASSINS
120
30
21
-
7
-
-
4+4
-
1+4
-
1+2+0
3+0
2+1
-
-
-
-
8
4
5
ASSASSINS
3
3
3
4
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
4
5
ASSASSINS
3
3
3
4
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ASSASSINATIONS
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
44
-
14
ASSASSINATIONS
179
89
44
-
8
-
-
4+4
-
1+4
-
1+7+9
5+2
4+4
-
-
-
-
8
4
5
ASSASSINATIONS
17
8
8
4
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
4
5
ASSASSINATIONS
8
8
8
4
8

 

 

S
=
1
-
-
SARCOPHAGUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
S
=
1
-
11
SARCOPHAGUS
128
65
47
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+2+8
6+5
4+7
S
=
1
4
2
SARCOPHAGUS
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
S
=
1
4
2
SARCOPHAGUS
2
2
2

 

 

S
=
1
-
-
SARCOPHAG1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
S
=
1
-
10
SARCOPHAG1
97
61
52
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
9+7
6+1
5+2
S
=
1
4
1
SARCOPHAG1
16
2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
S
=
1
4
1
SARCOPHAG1
7
2
7

 

 

C
=
3
-
-
COFFIN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
C
=
3
-
6
COFFIN
53
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+3
3+5
5+2
C
=
3
4
6
COFFIN
8
8
8

 

 

C
=
3
-
-
COFFINS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
C
=
3
-
7
COFFINS
72
45
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
7+2
4+5
-
C
=
3
4
7
COFFINS
9
9
9

 

 

C
=
3
-
-
COFFINS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N+S
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
7
COFFINS
72
45
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
7+2
4+5
-
C
=
3
4
7
COFFINS
9
9
9

 

 

I
=
9
-
4
INNER
60
33
6
S
=
1
-
9
SINNER
79
20
2
N
=
5
-
9
NEEDS
47
20
2
F
=
6
-
4
FEEDS
39
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
INNER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
INNER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SINNER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
13
SINNER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NEEDS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
D+S
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
NEEDS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FEEDS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
D+S
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
FEEDS
-
-
-

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SEEDS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
D+S
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
SEEDS
52
25
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
1+6
-
-
-
-
5
SEEDS
7
7
7

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LEVEL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
L
=
3
-
5
LEVEL
56
20
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+0
2+0
L
=
3
4
5
LEVEL
11
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
L
=
3
4
5
LEVEL
2
2
2

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LEVEL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
L+E
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
2
E+L
17
8
8
L
=
3
-
5
LEVEL
56
20
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+0
2+0
L
=
3
4
5
LEVEL
11
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
L
=
3
4
5
LEVEL
2
2
2

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
EVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
L
=
3
-
4
EVEN
46
19
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+6
1+9
1+9
L
=
3
4
4
EVEN
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
L
=
3
4
4
EVEN
1
1
1

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
EVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
2
V+E
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
L
=
3
-
4
EVEN
46
19
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+6
1+9
1+9
L
=
3
4
4
EVEN
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
L
=
3
4
4
EVEN
1
1
1

 

 

E
=
5
-
-
EVER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
2
E+R
23
14
5
E
=
5
-
4
EVEN
50
23
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+0
2+3
1+4
E
=
5
4
4
EVEN
5
5
5

 

 

E
=
5
-
-
EVER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
E
=
5
-
4
EVER
50
23
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+0
2+3
1+4
E
=
5
4
4
EVER
5
5
5

 

 

A
=
1
-
1
ADAM
19
10
1
A
=
1
-
1
AND
19
10
1
E
=
5
-
30
EVE
32
14
5
-
-
7
-
3
Add to Reduce
70
34
7
-
-
3+5
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
7+0
3+4
-
-
-
7
-
3
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ADAM AND EVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
10
ADAM AND EVE
70
34
34
-
3
3
1
16
15
6
7
8
8
-
-
3+4
-
1+0
-
7+0
3+4
3+4
-
-
-
-
1+6
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
1
-ADAM AND EVE
7
7
7
-
3
3
3
7
6
6
7
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ADAM AND EVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A+D
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A+M
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
A+D
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
10
ADAM AND EVE
70
34
34
-
3
3
1
5
30
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+2
-
1+0
-
7+0
3+4
3+4
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
-ADAM AND EVE
7
7
7
-
3
3
3
5
3
6
7
8
9

 

 

H
=
8
-
-
HEAVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
H+A
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
E+V+E+N
46
19
1
H
=
8
-
6
HEAVEN
55
28
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
2+8
1+0
H
=
8
4
6
HEAVEN
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
H
=
8
4
6
HEAVEN
1
1
7

 

....

 

ON THE NATURE OF THINGS

de rerum natura

LUCRETIUS

Back Page

“Almost nothing is known about the author of this great poem,

except that he was a Roman of aristocratic birth, and that he lived from about
99-55 BC.”

 

LUCRETIUS

ON THE NATURE OF THINGS

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
ON
29
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
6
NATURE
79
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
6
THINGS
77
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
19
First Total
239
221
23
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+1
-
1+9
Add to Reduce
2+3+9
2+2+1
2+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
10
Second Total
14
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
1
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

On Nature (Peri Physeos)
by Parmenides of Elea (c. 475 B.C.)
On Nature (Peri Physeos) by Parmenides of Elea


On Nature by Parmenides of Elea. A highly readable translation of the classic by the Greek father of metaphysics. Edited by Allan F. Randall from translations by ...
Theurgy and Numbers: On Nature - Peri Physeos

On Nature (Peri Physeos) by Parmenides of Elea (c. 475 B.C.)

ON NATURE 108-36-9

 

O
=
6
-
2
ON
29
11
2
N
=
5
-
6
NATURE
79
25
7
-
-
21
-
8
Add to Reduce
108
36
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
3+6
-
-
-
3
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

B
=
2
4
BLUE
40
13
4
P
=
7
6
PLANET
68
23
5
``-
-
9
10
-
108
36
9
-
-
 -
1+0
-
1+0+8
3+6
-
-
-
9
1
-
9
9
9

 

Blue Planet : Complete BBC Series Special Edition 4 Disc ...

www.amazon.co.uk › DVD & Blu-ray › Television › Documentary

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
FULL MOON
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
4
FULL
51
15
6
M
=
4
-
4
MOON
57
21
3
-
-
10
4
8
FULL MOON
108
36
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
-
1+0+8
3+6
-
Q
-
1
-
3
FULL MOON
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AH
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
3
SEE
29
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IT
29
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
-
3
NOW
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
4
SAID
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
8
BLIND-MAN
69
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
30
First Total
288
126
54
-
1
4
3
4
5
18
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
3+0
Add to Reduce
2+8+8
1+2+6
5+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
3
Second Total
18
9
9
-
1
4
3
4
5
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
4
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AH
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
3
SEE
29
11
2
-
2
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IT
29
11
2
-
2
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
7
-
N
=
5
-
3
NOW
52
16
7
-
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
4
SAID
33
15
6
-
-
6
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
6
-
-
B
=
2
-
8
BLIND-MAN
69
33
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
35
-
30
First Total
288
126
54
-
4
18
14
18
-
-
3+5
-
3+0
Add to Reduce
2+8+8
1+2+6
5+4
-
-
1+8
1+4
1+8
-
-
8
-
3
Second Total
18
9
9
-
4
9
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
9
5
9

 

 

PLANET E PLANT E PLANET

 

 

P
=
7
-
PLANET
-
-
-
``-
-
-
5
PLANT
63
18
9
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
P
-
7
6
PLANET
68
23
14
-
-
-
-
-
6+8
2+3
1+4
P
-
7
6
PLANET
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
P
-
7
6
PLANET
5
5
5

 

 

B
=
2
4
BLUE
40
13
4
P
=
7
6
PLANET
68
23
5
``-
-
9
10
-
108
36
9
-
-
 -
1+0
-
1+0+8
3+6
-
-
-
9
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

W
=
5
-
WORLD
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
``-
-
-
4
WORD
60
24
6
W
=
5
5
WORLD
72
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
7+2
2+7
-
W
=
5
5
WORLD
9
9
9

 

 

V
=
4
5
VENUS
81
18
9
H
=
8
5
HORUS
81
27
9
S
=
1
3
SUN
54
9
9

 

 

L
=
3
4
LOVE
54
18
9
L
=
3
6
EVOLVE
81
27
9
L
=
3
4
LORD
49
22
4
O
=
6
5
ORDER
60
33
6
L
=
3
5
WORLD
72
27
9

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
L
=
3
-
4
LIVE
48
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+8
2+1
2+1
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE
3
3
3

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LOVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+4
1+8
1+8
L
=
3
4
4
LOVE
9
9
9

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LIVE LOVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
L
=
3
-
4
LIVE
48
21
21
L
=
3
-
-
LOVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
L
=
3
-
-
LOVE
54
18
18
L
=
3
-
4
LIVE LOVE
102
39
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+8
2+1
3+9
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE LOVE
12
12
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
1+2
L
=
3
4
4
LIVE LOVE
3
3
3

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LEARN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
L
=
3
-
5
LEARN
50
23
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+0
2+3
2+1
L
=
3
4
5
LEARN
5
5
5

 

 

L
=
3
-
-
LEARN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
L
=
3
-
5
LEARN
50
23
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+0
2+3
2+1
L
=
3
4
5
LEARN
5
5
5

 

 

L
=
3
-
4
LIGHT
56
29
2
L
=
3
-
4
LIVE
48
21
3
L
=
3
-
5
LEARN
50
23
5
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
9
-
-
10
-
10
First Total
208
91
19
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
Add to Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
4
4
1
4
1
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
4
4
4
4
4
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

SOUL SO U LIVE U SO SOUL

SOUL SO U LEARN U SO SOUL

SOUL SO U LOVE U SO SOUL

 

......

 

G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
G
=
7
-
2
GO
22
13
4
D
=
4
-
2
DO
19
10
1
G
=
7
-
6
GOOD
41
23
5
-
-
63
-
63
Add to Reduce
108
63
18
-
-
6+3
-
6+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
6+3
1+8
-
-
9
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
SIGN
49
22
4
3
AND
19
10
1
6
SYMBOL
86
23
5
13
First Total
154
55
10
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+5+4
5+5
1+0
4
Second Total
10
10
1
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
4
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

S
=
1
4
SIGN
49
22
4
S
=
1
6
SYMBOL
86
23
5
``-
-
2
10
-
135
45
9
-
-
 -
1+0
-
1+3+5
4+5
-
-
-
2
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

Kukulkan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukulkan

Kukulkan Plumed Serpent", "Feathered Serpent") is the name of a Maya snake deity that also serves to designate historical persons. The depiction of the ...
‎Etymology - ‎Kukulkan and the Itza - ‎Modern folklore - ‎Notes

Kukulkan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kukulkan at Chichen Itza during the Equinox. The famous descent of the snake. March 2009

The Classic Maya vision serpent, as depicted at Yaxchilan.
Kukulkan (/kuːkuːlˈkän/) ("Plumed Serpent", "Feathered Serpent") is the name of a Maya snake deity that also serves to designate historical persons. The depiction of the feathered serpent deity is present in other cultures of Mesoamerica. Kukulkan is closely related to the god Q'uq'umatz of the K'iche' Maya and to Quetzalcoatl of the Aztecs.[1] Little is known of the mythology of this pre-Columbian deity.[2]

Although heavily Mexicanised, Kukulkan has his origins among the Maya of the Classic Period, when he was known as Waxaklahun Ubah Kan (/waʃaklaˈχuːn uːˈɓaχ kän/), the War Serpent, and he has been identified as the Postclassic version of the Vision Serpent of Classic Maya art.[3]

The cult of Kukulkan/Quetzalcoatl was the first Mesoamerican religion to transcend the old Classic Period linguistic and ethnic divisions.[4] This cult facilitated communication and peaceful trade among peoples of many different social and ethnic backgrounds.[4] Although the cult was originally centred on the ancient city of Chichen Itza in the modern Mexican state of Yucatán, it spread as far as the Guatemalan highlands.[5]

In Yucatán, references to the deity Kukulkan are confused by references to a named individual who bore the name of the god. Because of this, the distinction between the two has become blurred.[6] This individual appears to have been a ruler or priest at Chichen Itza, who first appeared around the 10th century.[7] Although Kukulkan was mentioned as a historical person by Maya writers of the 16th century, the earlier 9th-century texts at Chichen Itza never identified him as human and artistic representations depicted him as a Vision Serpent entwined around the figures of nobles.[8] At Chichen Itza, Kukulkan is also depicted presiding over sacrifice scenes.[9]

Sizeable temples to Kukulkan are found at archaeological sites throughout the north of the Yucatán Peninsula, such as Chichen Itza, Uxmal and Mayapan.[7]

 

 

-
KUKULKAN
-
-
-
2
K+U
32
5
5
2
K+U
32
5
5
2
L+K
23
5
5
1
A
1
1
1
1
N
14
5
5
8
KUKULKAN
102
21
21
-
-
1+0+2
2+1
2+1
8
KUKULKAN
3
3
3

 

 

-
KUKULKAN
-
-
-
2
K
11
2
2
2
U
21
3
3
1
K
11
2
2
2
U
21
3
3
2
L
12
3
3
1
K
11
2
2
1
A
1
1
1
1
N
14
5
5
8
KUKULKAN
102
21
21
-
-
1+0+2
2+1
2+1
8
KUKULKAN
3
3
3

 

 

-
KUKULKAN
-
-
-
2
K
11
2
2
2
U
21
3
3
1
K
11
2
2
2
U
21
3
3
2
L
12
3
3
1
K+A
12
3
3
1
N
14
5
5
8
KUKULKAN
102
21
21
-
-
1+0+2
2+1
2+1
8
KUKULKAN
3
3
3

 

 

QUETZALCOATL

THIS

SERPENT I PRESENT

 

 

Quetzalcoatl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl

Quetzalcoatl /ˌkɛtsɑːlˈkoʊɑːtəl is a Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means feathered serpent". The worship of a ...
‎Tezcatlipoca - ‎Huitzilopochtli - ‎Kukulkan - ‎Aztec mythology in popular ...

Quetzalcoatl in feathered serpent form as depicted in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis
Quetzalcoatl /ˌkɛtsɑːlˈkoʊɑːtəl/ (Classical Nahuatl: Quetzalcohuātl [ketsaɬˈko.aːtɬ]) is a Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "feathered serpent".[1] The worship of a feathered serpent is first documented in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE or first century CE.[2] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BCE – 600 CE) of Mesoamerican chronology, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic (600–900 AD).[3]

In the Postclassic period (900–1519 AD), the worship of the feathered serpent deity was based in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. It is in this period that the deity is known to have been named "Quetzalcoatl" by his Nahua followers. In the Maya area he was approximately equivalent to Kukulcan and Gukumatz, names that also roughly translate as "feathered serpent" in different Mayan languages.

In the era following the 16th-century Spanish Conquest, a number of sources were written that conflate Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. It is a matter of much debate among historians to which degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events.[4] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernán Cortés or St. Thomas—an identification which is also a source of diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl.[5]

Among the Aztecs, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of Venus, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge.[6] Quetzalcoatl was one of several important gods in the Aztec pantheon, along with the gods Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli.

 

 

-
QUETZALCOATL
-
-
-
1
Q
17
8
8
1
U
21
3
3
1
E
5
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
Z
26
8
8
1
A
1
1
1
1
L
12
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
1
O
15
6
6
1
A
1
1
1
1
T
20
2
2
1
L
12
3
3
12
QUETZALCOATL
135
45
27
1+2
-
1+3+5
4+5
2+7
3
QUETZALCOATL
9
9
9

 

 

-
QUETZALCOATL
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
1
T
20
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
1
U
21
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
1
E
5
5
5
1
O
15
6
6
1
Q
17
8
8
1
Z
26
8
8
12
QUETZALCOATL
135
45
27
1+2
-
1+3+5
4+5
2+7
3
QUETZALCOATL
9
9
9

 

 

-
QUETZALCOATL
-
-
-
4
Q+U+E+T
63
18
9
2
Z+A
27
9
9
6
L+C+O+A+T+L
63
18
9
12
QUETZALCOATL
135
45
27
1+2
-
1+3+5
4+5
2+7
3
QUETZALCOATL
9
9
9

 

 

..

 

 

"The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel" (which means "God with us"). “Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel” (which means, God with us).

Matthew 1:23 "The virgin will conceive and give birth to a ...

biblehub.com/matthew/1-23.htm

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
4
WITH
60
24
6
2
US
40
4
4
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

The Meaning of Immanuel, God with Us

www.orlutheran.com/html/immanuel.html

And this very special Christmas name, as Matthew tells us, means "God with us." Jesus Christ is Immanuel, "God with us," and I'd like to share why this is so ...

Matthew 1:23 "The virgin will conceive and give birth to a ...

matthew/1-23.
“Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel” (which means, God with us). New American Standard Bible "BEHOLD ...

 

 

Christ Emmanuel or God with Us - Grace Gems!

www.gracegems.org/W/e1.htm

"They shall call His name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. ... give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel– which means, 'God with us.

 

 

Isaiah 7:14 Explained - Immanuel God With Us

www.bibleanswerstand.org/immanuel.htm

This study is aimed at finding the true meaning of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14. ... texts for the deity of Jesus Christ because of the words, “Immanuel,” (God with us).

 

-
DEITY
-
-
-
2
D+E
9
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
T+Y
45
9
9
5
DEITY
63
18
21
-
-
6+3
1+8
2+1
5
DEITY
9
9
3

 

 

Why wasn't Jesus named Immanuel? - GotQuestions.org

www.gotquestions.org/Immanuel-Jesus.html

by S. Michael Houdmann - Jesus was God making His dwelling among us (John 1:1,14). No, Jesus' name was not Immanuel, but Jesus was the meaning of Immanuel, "God with us.

 

 

Words Around "Emmanuel" in the English Dictionary

"The word Immanuel/Emmanuel means, "God with us." It conveys the idea of God come down in the flesh, mingling alongside mankind, subject to their brutality, while extending his love in bringing their redemption."

 

 

GOD WITH US AND US WITH GOD

 

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
4
WITH
60
24
6
2
US
40
4
4
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

GOD WITH US 123456789 987654321 US WITH GOD

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
W
=
5
-
4
WITH
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
2
US
40
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
6
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
51
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
19
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
7
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
-
3
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
75
-
7
-
4
-
23
-
20
-
-`
21
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
126
-
7
15
4
-
23
9
20
8
-
21
19
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
45
-
7
6
4
-
5
9
2
8
-
3
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
8
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
6
--
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
3
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
45
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
-
36
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
3+6
9
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
4
-
5
9
2
8
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
G
O
D
-
W
I
T
H
-
U
S
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

4
GODS
45
18
9
1
I
9
9
9
5
VOICE
54
27
9
10
Add to Reduce
108
54
27
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
5+4
2+7
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
GOD WITH US
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
9
GOD WITH US
126
54
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
1+2+6
5+4
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
GOD WITH US
9
9
9
-
3
-
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
GOD WITH US
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
5
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
7
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
7
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
3
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
5
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
5
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
3
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
45
-
9
GOD WITH US
126
54
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
1+2+6
5+4
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
GOD WITH US
9
9
9
-
3
-
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
6
FAMILY
66
30
3
9
First Total
99
45
45
-
Add to Reduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
-
-
-
6
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
T
20
2
2
-
H
8
8
8
-
E
5
5
5
-
THE
-
-
-
-
F
6
6
6
-
A
1
1
1
-
M
13
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
L
12
3
3
-
Y
25
7
7
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
9
Add to Reduce
99
45
45
-
Reduce to Deduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Essence of Number
18
9
9

 

 

9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
20
-
5
-
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
45
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
20
-
5
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
2
8
5
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
45
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
6
1
4
9
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
9
9
T
H
E
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
THE
-
-
-
6
FAMILY
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
T
20
2
2
-
L
12
3
3
-
M
13
4
4
-
E
5
5
5
-
F
6
6
6
-
Y
25
7
7
-
H
8
8
8
-
I
9
9
9
3
THE
-
-
-
-
FAMILY
-
-
-
9
Add to Reduce
99
45
45
-
Reduce to Deduce
9+9
4+5
4+5
9
Essence of Number
18
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ENNEAD-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
6
ENNEAD
43
25
25
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
4+3
2+5
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
ENNEAD
7
5
5
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
ENNEAD-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
2
A+D
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
6
ENNEAD
43
25
25
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+3
2+5
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
ENNEAD
7
5
5
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Chapter 9 Verse 2

The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
6
PEOPLE
69
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
6
WALKED
56
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
8
DARKNESS
91
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
4
HAVE
36
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
4
SEEN
43
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
5
GREAT
51
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
48
-
508
211
49
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THEY
58
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
5
DWELL
56
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
4
LAND
31
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHADOW
70
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THEM
46
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
4
HATH
37
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHINED
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
48
-
730
316
64
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
109
-
114
First Total
1238
527
113
-
4
10
9
16
15
36
14
8
9
-
-
1+0+9
-
1+1+4
Add to Reduce
1+2+3+8
5+2+7
1+1+3
-
-
1+0
-
1+6
1+5
3+6
1+4
-
-
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
14
14
5
-
4
1
9
7
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
4
1
9
7
1
9
5
8
9

 

 

King James Bible

Unto Us a Child is Born

(Matthew 4:12-17; Mark 1:14-15; Luke 4:14-15)

1 Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations.

2 The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.

3 Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoice when they divide the spoil.

4 For thou hast broken the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian.

5 For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire.

6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

7 Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

 

King James Bible
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

 

Isaiah 9:6 For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and ...

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The ...
‎Isaiah 9:7 - ‎Government - ‎Isaiah 9:6 - ‎Isaiah 9:6 NASB

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
4
WITH
60
24
6
2
US
40
4
4
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

GOD WITH US 123456789 987654321 US WITH GOD

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
W
=
5
-
4
WITH
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
2
US
40
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
9
Add to Reduce
126
45
18
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
6
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
4+5
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
5
CROWN
73
28
1
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
2
-
6
THORNS
94
49
4
-
-
13
-
16
Add to Reduce
221
14
18
-
-
1+3
-
1+6
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
6+3
1+8
-
-
4
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

"And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi lama sabachthani?" which means, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?" ... And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed His last. And the curtain of the Temple [see Temples] was torn in two, from top to bottom. And when the centurion, who stood facing Him, saw that He thus breathed His last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!" (Mark 15:33-34,37-39 RSV)

 

B
=
2
-
8
BREATHED
63
36
9
H
=
8
-
3
HIS
36
18
9
L
=
3
-
4
LAST
52
7
7
-
-
13
-
15
Add to Reduce
151
61
25
-
-
1+3
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+1
6+1
2+5
-
-
4
-
6
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

Bible Study - Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani?
www.keyway.ca/htm2001/20010120.htm

20 Jan 2001 - "And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud ...

Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani?

by Wayne Blank

"And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi lama sabachthani?" which means, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?" ... And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed His last. And the curtain of the Temple [see Temples] was torn in two, from top to bottom. And when the centurion, who stood facing Him, saw that He thus breathed His last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!" (Mark 15:33-34,37-39 RSV)

Skull Why?

Of all of the recorded words spoken by Jesus Christ, His "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?" as He hung on the cross at Golgotha (in the photograph) is the most unsettling for many people.

Some have contended that His words in Aramaic were merely a coincidental repetition of the same words, in Hebrew, of Psalms 22:1 that were spoken by King David centuries before. But is that all that Jesus was doing? Or, did He mean exactly what He said? And, if He did mean it literally, how or why could God ever have forsaken Him?

 

King James Bible

Matthew 27:46


And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

 

 

THE HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Page 608

Psalm 22

To the chief Musician upon 1Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David.

22 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring?

MY GOD MY GOD WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN ME

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M
=
4
-
2
MY
38
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
-
2
MY
38
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
W
=
5
-
9
WHY
56
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
2
HAST
48
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THOU
64
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
2
FORSAKEN
89
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
-
3
ME
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
47
-
31
-
403
151
43
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+7
-
3+1
-
4+0+3
1+5+1
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
4
-
7
7
7
-
1
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

THE HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Page 1042

Matthew 27:45-46 King James Version (KJV)

45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.

46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

MY GOD MY GOD WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN ME

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
3
ELI
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
3
ELI
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
-
4
LAMA
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
11
SABACHTHANI
86
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
-
165
84
30
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
16
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
1+6+5
8+4
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
5
-
3
-
12
12
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
-
3
3
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
4
ELOI
41
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
4
ELOI
41
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
4
LAMA
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
11
SABACHTHANI
86
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
23
-
195
96
24
-
1
2
3
4
15
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+3
-
1+9+5
9+6
2+4
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
15
15
6
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
6
6
6
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9

 

"And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi lama sabachthani?" which means, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me

MY GOD MY GOD WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN ME

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
4
TELL
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THEM
46
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
4
SENT
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
-
3
YOU
61
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
24
-
22
-
286
88
34
-
1
2
3
12
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+4
-
2+2
-
2+8+6
8+8
3+4
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
4
-
7
16
7
-
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
4
-
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
2
-
3
NOT
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
2
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
3
SEA
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
3
SEA
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
24
-
23
-
234
99
63
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+4
-
2+3
-
2+3+4
9+9
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
5
-
9
18
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
5
-
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
4
NEAR
38
20
2
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
14
-
19
First Total
180
99
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+9
Add to Reduce
1+8+0
9+9
-
-
-
5
4
10
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
19
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
-
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
24
-
-
-
9
-
14
-
-
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
19
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
-
4
5
1
2
-
-
5
-
7
5
9
-
5
-
3
5
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
5
1
18
-
4
5
1
20
-
-
5
-
16
5
18
-
5
-
3
5
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
19
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
5
1
18
-
4
5
1
20
8
-
5
24
16
5
18
9
5
14
3
5
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
1
9
-
4
5
1
2
8
-
5
6
7
5
9
9
5
5
3
5
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
-
19
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
8
=
40
4+0
4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
45
19
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
45
-
-
19
-
99
-
45
4+5
1+9
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
5
5
-
5
-
-
4+5
-
-
1+9
-
9+9
-
4+5
9
10
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
9
-
-
10
-
18
-
9
-
1+0
5
5
1
9
-
4
5
1
2
8
-
5
6
7
5
9
9
5
5
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+8
-
-
9
1
N
E
A
R
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
4
NEAR
38
20
2
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
14
-
19
First Total
180
99
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+9
Add to Reduce
1+8+0
9+9
-
-
-
5
4
10
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
4
NEAR
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
19
-
180
99
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NEAR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
NEAR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DEATH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
DEATH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXPERIENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXPERIENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99
-
19
First Total
180
99
99
-
2
2
3
4
40
6
7
8
27
-
-
9+9
-
1+9
Add to Reduce
1+8+0
9+9
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
18
-
10
Second Total
9
18
18
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+8
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
4
NEAR
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
19
-
180
99
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
3
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99
-
19
NEAR
180
99
99
-
2
2
3
4
40
6
7
8
27
-
-
9+9
-
1+9
DEATH
1+8+0
9+9
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
18
-
10
EXPERIENCE
9
18
18
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+8
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
4
NEAR
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
5
DEATH
38
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
19
-
180
99
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
3
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99
-
19
NEAR
180
99
99
-
2
2
3
4
40
6
7
8
27
-
-
9+9
-
1+9
DEATH
1+8+0
9+9
9+9
-
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
18
-
10
EXPERIENCE
9
18
18
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+8
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
NDE
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
14
-
3
NDE
23
14
14
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
2+3
1+4
1+4
-
-
5
-
3
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
IS
28
10
1
A
=
1
-
2
AN
15
6
6
O
=
6
-
3
OUT
56
11
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
B
=
2
-
4
BODY
46
19
1
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
29
-
22
First Total
270
117
18
-
-
2+9
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
1+1+7
1+8
-
-
11
4
4
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
EXPERIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
59
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
59
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+9
-
1+9
-
1+0+4
5+9
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
14
-
10
EXPERIENCE
5
14
14
-
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+0
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
EXPERIENCE
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

THE LION PATH

YOU CAN TAKE IT WITH YOU

A Manual of the Short Path to Regeneration for our times

by

Musaios

Page 20

“I AM A CHILD OF THE EARTH AND THE STARRY HEAVENS BUT MY RACE IS OF HEAVEN ALONE”

652-283-76-13-4

 

Page 97

“NOW I SPEAK WITH A VOICE AND ACCENTS TO WHICH THEY LISTEN AND MY LANGUAGE IS THAT OF THE STAR SIRIUS”

944-359-98-17-8

 

 

THE LION PATH

YOU CAN TAKE IT WITH YOU

A Manual of the Short Path to Regeneration for our times

by

Musaios

Page 49

SACRED PREGNANCY

Fig. 3 Vignette [from the Papyrus of Nebseni, British Museum No. 9900, sheet 22] showing a Divine Eye (right one) above an emblem (probably in gold originally) which is actually a glyph reading "Lord of the Nine [deific powers]," the ennead that is discussed in Section 9. Comparing the previous figure, we see that a left and right "Eye," Egg or Divine Germ coalesce to form the Winged or Flying Disk, each curling eyelash becoming one of the uraei or serpentine (energy wave) powers shown in Figure 2; and the teardrops from each' eye becoming a wing. Thus the "Two Eyes of Horus" and "The Flying Disk (or Globe)" are variations of the same teaching.
The maturing or embryonic divinity then flies to its own realm where the glowing phoenix egg (another image referring to the same process) -hatches" into new godhood. The possibility of human apotheosis is the core of the eternal religion. This development is adventurous. Utterance 147, belonging to this vignette in the Book of Coming Forth Into Day, says in part: The Divine Eye was attacked by a violent storm, but Thoth (Wisdom) restored it thereafter."

 

S
=
1
-
6
SACRED
50
32
5
P
=
7
-
9
PREGNANCY
103
49
4
-
-
8
-
15
Add to Reduce
153
81
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
8+1
2+5
-
-
8
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

Page 49

B
=
2
-
4
BOOK
43
16
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
C
=
3
-
6
COMING
79
34
7
F
=
6
-
5
FORTH
67
31
4
I
=
9
-
4
INTO
58
22
4
D
=
4
-
3
DAY
30
12
3
-
-
30
-
24
-
298
127
28
-
-
3+0
-
2+4
-
2+9+8
1+2+7
2+5
-
-
3
-
6
-
18
9
9
-
-
3+0
-
1+5
-
1+8
8+1
2+5
-
-
3
-
6
-
9
9
9

 

Page 49

-
-
-
-
-
PR-M-HRW
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
42
-
6
-PR-M-HRW
96
42
42
-
-
4+2
-
-
-
9+6
4+2
4+2
-
-
6
-
6
PR-M-HRW-
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
6
-
6
-PR-M-HRW
6
6
6

 

 

SIRIUS 95-50-5 SIRIUS 5-50-95 SIRIUS

 

 

THE

HOURS OF HORUS

THE

HORIZON

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
EGYPT
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
7
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
7
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
7
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
28
-
5
EGYPT
73
28
28
-
-
7
-
-
2+8
-
-
-
7+3
2+8
2+8
-
-
-
-
-
10
4
5
EGYPT
10
10
10
4
4
7
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
5
EGYPT
1
1
1
4
4
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
W
=
5
-
4
WHAT
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
3
-
H
=
8
-
4
HAVE
36
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
4
-
W
=
5
-
7
WRITTEN
109
37
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
-
H
=
8
-
4
HAVE
36
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
7
-
W
=
5
-
7
WRITTEN
109
37
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
-
49
-
28
First Total
360
144
45
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
36
2+8
-
-
-
4+9
-
2+8
Add to Reduce
3+6+0
1+9+7
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+6
10
-
-
-
13
4
10
Second Total
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1+0
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
4
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
RABBI
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
23
-
5
RABBI
32
23
23
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
3+2
2+3
2+3
-
-
5
4
5
RABBI
5
5
5

 

....

G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
8
8
G
=
7
-
2
GO
22
13
4
D
=
4
-
2
DO
19
10
1
G
=
7
-
4
GOOD
41
23
5
-
-
25
-
11
Add to Reduce
108
54
18
-
-
2+5
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+8+0
5+4
1+9
-
-
7
4
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
SWORD
79
25
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
W
=
5
-
5
WORDS
79
25
7
-
-
14
-
15
-
212
77
23
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
2+1+2
7+7
2+3
-
-
5
-
6
-
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
5
-
6
-
5
5
5

 

 

6
BEYOND
65
29
2
3
THE
33
15
6
4
VEIL
48
21
3
7
ANOTHER
81
36
9
4
VEIL
48
21
3
7
ANOTHER
81
36
9
4
VEIL
48
21
3
6
BEYOND
65
29
2
41
First Total
469
208
37
4+1
Add to Reduce
4+6+9
2+0+8
3+7
5
Second Total
19
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
5
Third Total
10
1
1
-
Add to Reduce
1+0
-
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
-
189
90
18
1+8
-
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
-
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
-
9
9
9

 

 

-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
12
-
6
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
9
6
5
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
-
-
3
9
6
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
22
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
23
-
-
4
-
23
2+2
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
-
2+3
4
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
5
-
-
3
9
6
5
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
5

 

 

-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
12
-
6
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
9
6
5
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
-
-
3
9
6
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
22
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
23
-
-
4
-
23
2+2
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
-
2+3
4
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
5
-
-
3
9
6
5
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
L
I
F
E
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
5

 

-
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
5
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
3
-
-
12
-
22
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
-
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
9
22
5
+
=
48
4+8
=
3
-
3
-
-
3
9
4
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
-
3
-
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
24
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
21
-
-
4
-
21
2+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
2
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+1
6
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
3
-
-
4
-
3
-
-
3
9
4
5
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
3
-
-
4
-
3

 

 

4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
9
-
9
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
5
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
3
-
12
-
22
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
9
22
5
+
=
48
4+8
=
3
-
3
-
3
9
4
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
-
3
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
21
-
-
4
-
21
-
-
9
-
-
-
2
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+1
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
3
-
-
4
-
3
-
3
9
4
5
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
L
I
V
E
-
-
3
-
-
4
-
3

 

 

-
14
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
9
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
14
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
4
-
-
7
-
4
5
1
2
-
+
=
33
3+5
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
20
-
5
-
12
-
22
-
-
7
-
4
5
1
20
-
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
14
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
12
9
22
9
14
7
-
4
5
1
20
8
+
=
144
1+4+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
9
4
9
5
7
-
4
5
1
2
8
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
--
--
--
--
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-`
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-`
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
--
-
-
-
--
--
--
--
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
6
14
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
39
-
-
14
-
72
-
45
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
1+4
-
7+2
-
4+5
6
5
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
12
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
9
4
9
5
7
-
4
5
1
2
8
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
6
5
T
H
E
-
L
I
V
I
N
G
-
D
E
A
T
H
-
-
3
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
5
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
9
5
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
27
3
D
I
E
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
18
2+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
1+8
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9
-
-
4
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
9
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
5
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
9
5
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
3
D
I
E
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
18
-
-
9
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
1+8
3
D
I
E
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9
-
4
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
D
I
E
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

-
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
2
7
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
-
4
5
-
20
25
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
-
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
9
20
25
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
-
-
4
5
9
2
7
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
-
-
-
-
-
``-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
18
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
1+8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
-
4
5
9
2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

 

5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
2
7
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
4
5
-
20
25
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
9
20
25
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
-
4
5
9
2
7
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
``-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
4
5
9
2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
D
E
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
2
AM
14
5
5
3
THE
33
15
6
5
DANCE
27
18
9
3
AND
19
10
1
3
THE
33
15
6
5
DANCE
27
18
9
4
GOES
46
19
1
2
ON
29
20
2
31
First Total
237
129
48
3+1
Add to Reduce
2+3+7
1+2+9
4+8
4
Second Total
12
12
12
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
1+2
4
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

B
=
2
-
2
BA
3
3
3
K
=
2
-
2
KA
12
3
3
-
-
4
-
4
-
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
4
4
4
-
6
6
6

 

 

GODS SPIRIT GODS

ISIS OSIRIS VISHNU SHIVA SHRI KRISHNA SHRISTI RISHI ISHI CHRIST

SING A SONG OF NINES OF NINES A SONG SING

 

 

H
=
8
-
4
HOLY
60
24
6
H
=
8
-
4
HOLY
60
24
6
H
=
8
-
4
HOLY
60
24
6
-
-
24
4
12
Add to Reduce
180
72
18
-
-
2+4
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+8+0
7+2
1+8
Q
-
6
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE FAIRY FELLER'S MASTER STROKE

RELEASED FROM THRALL FROM THRALL RELEASED

 

 

The Tempest's Epilogue

"You do look, my son, in a moved sort,
As if you were dismayed; be cheerful, sir.
Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits and
Are melted into air, into thin air;
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on; and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep."

William Shakespeare 1564-1616

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
3
CAN
18
9
9
4
PLAY
54
18
9
3
THE
33
15
6
4
PART
55
19
1
2
SO
34
7
7
4
WELL
52
16
7
21
First Total
255
93
48
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+5+5
9+3
4+8
3
Second Total
12
12
12
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
1+2
3
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

Shakespeare Quotes - Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made on.
www.enotes.com/shakespeare-quotes/we-such-stuff-dreams-made

The Tempest Act 4, scene 1, William Shakespeare

Prospero:
Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd tow'rs, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on; and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.

 

 

W
=
5
-
2
WE
28
10
1
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
S
=
1
-
4
SUCH
51
15
6
S
=
1
4
5
STUFF
72
18
9
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
D
=
4
-
6
DREAMS
60
24
6
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
M
=
4
-
4
MADE
23
14
5
O
=
6
-
2
ON
29
11
2
A
=
1
4
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
3
OUR
54
18
9
L
=
3
-
6
LITTLE
78
24
6
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
R
=
9
-
7
ROUNDED
81
36
9
W
=
5
4
4
WITH
60
24
6
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
S
=
1
-
5
SLEEP
57
21
3
-
-
62
-
66
-
741
291
84
-
-
6+2
-
6+6
Add to Reduce
7+4+1
2+9+1
8+4
4
4
8
4
12
First Total
12
12
12
-
-
-
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

The Tempest's Epilogue

" We are such stuff
As dreams are made on; and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep."

William Shakespeare 1564-1616

 

 

THE HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Saint John

Page 1114

"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father) full of grace and truth."

 

 

A
=
1
3
AND
19
10
1
B
=
2
7
BECAUSE
56
20
2
Y
=
7
4
YOUR
79
25
7
M
=
4
4
MINE
41
23
5
I
=
9
1
I
9
9
9
W
=
5
4
WALK
47
11
2
T
=
2
3
THE
33
15
6
L
=
3
4
LINE
40
22
4
-
-
33
30
Add to Reduce
324
135
36
-
-
3+3
3+0
Reduce to Deduce
3+2+4
1+3+5
3+6
-``
-
6
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

C
=
3
-
6
COGITO
69
33
6
E
=
5
-
4
ERGO
45
27
9
S
=
1
-
3
SUM
53
8
8
-
-
9
-
13
First Total
167
68
23
-
-
-
-
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+6+7
6+8
2+3
-
-
9
-
4
Second Total
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

I
=
9
-
18
I THINK THEREFORE I AM
194
104
5
I
=
9
-
21
COGITO ERGO SUM
167
104
5

 

 

Cogito ergo sum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito_ergo_sum

Cogito ergo sum (/ˈkoʊɡɨtoʊ ˈɜrɡoʊ ˈsʊm/, also /ˈkɒɡɨtoʊ/, /ˈsʌm/; Classical Latin: [ˈkoːɡitoː ˈɛrɡoː ˈsʊm], "I think, therefore I am") is a ...
‎In Descartes' writings - ‎Interpretation - ‎Predecessors - ‎Criticisms

Cogito ergo sum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Cogito ergo sum[a] (/ˈkoʊɡɨtoʊ ˈɜrɡoʊ ˈsʊm/, also /ˈkɒɡɨtoʊ/, /ˈsʌm/; Classical Latin: [ˈkoːɡitoː ˈɛrɡoː ˈsʊm], I think, therefore I am") is a philosophical proposition by René Descartes. The simple meaning of the Latin phrase is that thinking about one’s existence proves—in and of itself—that an "I" exists to do the thinking; or, as Descartes explains, "[W]e cannot doubt of our existence while we doubt … ."

This proposition became a fundamental element of Western philosophy, as it was perceived to form a foundation for all knowledge. While other knowledge could be a figment of imagination, deception or mistake, the very act of doubting one's own existence arguably serves as proof of the reality of one's own existence, or at least of one's thought.

Descartes' original phrase, je pense, donc je suis (French pronunciation: ​[ʒə pɑ̃s dɔ̃k ʒə sɥi]), appeared in his Discourse on the Method (1637), which was written in French rather than Latin to reach a wider audience in his country than scholars.[1] He used the Latin Cogito ergo sum in the later Principles of Philosophy (1644).

The argument is popularly known in the English speaking world as "the Cogito ergo sum argument" or, more briefly, as "the cogito".

In Descartes' writings[edit]

Descartes first wrote the phrase in French in his 1637 Discours De la Méthode. He referred to it in Latin without explicitly stating the familiar form of the phrase in his 1641 Meditationes de Prima Philosophia. The earliest written record of the phrase in Latin is in his 1644 Principia Philosophiae, where he also provides a clear explanation of his intent in a margin note. Fuller forms of the phrase are due to other authors. [Formatting note: cogito variants in this section are highlighted in boldface to facilitate comparison; italics only as in originals.]

In Discours de la Méthode (1637)[edit]

The phrase first appeared (in French) in Descartes' 1637 Discours de la Méthode (full title in English: Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences). From the first paragraph of Part IV:
French: "… Ainsi, à cause que nos sens nous trompent quelquefois, je voulus supposer qu'il n'y avoit aucune chose qui fût telle qu'ils nous la font imaginer; et parce qu'il y a des hommes qui se méprennent en raisonnant, même touchant les plus simples matières de géométrie, et y font des paralogismes, jugeant que j'étois sujet à faillir autant qu'aucun autre, je rejetai comme fausses toutes les raisons que j'avois prises auparavant pour démonstrations; et enfin, considérant que toutes les mêmes pensées que nous avons étant éveillés nous peuvent aussi venir quand nous dormons, sans qu'il y en ait aucune pour lors qui soit vraie, je me résolus de feindre que toutes les choses qui m'étoient jamais entrées en l'esprit n'étoient non plus vraies que les illusions de mes songes. Mais aussitôt après je pris garde que, pendant que je voulois ainsi penser que tout étoit faux, il falloit nécessairement que moi qui le pensois fusse quelque chose; et remarquant que cette vérité, je pense, donc je suis [italics in original], étoit si ferme et si assurée, que toutes les plus extravagantes suppositions des sceptiques n'étoient pas capables de l'ébranler, je jugeai que je pouvois la recevoir sans scrupule pour le premier principe de la philosophie que je cherchois."English: "… Accordingly, seeing that our senses sometimes deceive us, I was willing to suppose that there existed nothing really such as they presented to us; and because some men err in reasoning, and fall into paralogisms, even on the simplest matters of geometry, I, convinced that I was as open to error as any other, rejected as false all the reasonings I had hitherto taken for demonstrations; and finally, when I considered that the very same thoughts (presentations) which we experience when awake may also be experienced when we are asleep, while there is at that time not one of them true, I supposed that all the objects (presentations) that had ever entered into my mind when awake, had in them no more truth than the illusions of my dreams. But immediately upon this I observed that, whilst I thus wished to think that all was false, it was absolutely necessary that I, who thus thought, should be somewhat; and as I observed that this truth, I think, therefore I am, was so certain and of such evidence that no ground of doubt, however extravagant, could be alleged by the sceptics capable of shaking it, I concluded that I might, without scruple, accept it as the first principle of the philosophy of which I was in search."[b][c]

Cogito ergo sum
I think, therefore I am

 

cogito, ergo sum (philosophy) -- Encyclopedia Britannica

www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/124443/cogito-ergo-sum

cogito, ergo sum, (Latin: “I think, therefore I am”), dictum coined in 1637 by René Descartes as a first step in demonstrating the attainability of certain knowledge.

 

 

5 The Cogito Argument - Routledge Encyclopedia of ...

www.rep.routledge.com/article/DA026SECT5

29 Aug 2003 - ... more familiar form, 'I am thinking, therefore I exist,' or, 'ego cogito, ergo sum,' in its Latin formulation. Here, it is called the Cogito Argument.

 

 

Rene Descartes: 'I think therefore I am' - Public Bookshelf

www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/...of...I/ithinkth_bga.html

Taken from Rene Descartes' philosophical classic, Discourse on Method, the chapter that contains his famous supposition, 'I think therefore I am.'

Cogito ergo sum
I think, therefore I am

 

 

I

THINK

THEREFORE

I

AM

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
5
THINK
62
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
9
THEREFORE
100
55
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
18
First Total
194
104
32
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+9+4
1+0+4
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
14
-
9
Second Total
5
14
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

I
=
9
-
18
I THINK THEREFORE I AM
194
104
5
I
=
9
-
21
THINK THEREFORE I AM NOT
243
117
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
5
THINK
62
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
9
THEREFORE
100
55
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
3
NOT
49
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28
-
21
First Total
243
117
36
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
2+8
-
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+4+3
1+1+7
3+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
10
-
3
Second Total
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

Four Quartets - Wikiquote
en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Four_Quartets

Towards the door we never opened. Into the rose-garden. Time present and time past. Are both perhaps present in time future. And time future contained in time ...

T. S. Eliot Poems

The Four Quartets

Burnt Norton I

Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future
And time future contained in time past.
If all time is eternally present
All time is unredeemable.
What might have been is an abstraction
Remaining a perpetual possibility
Only in a world of speculation.
What might have been and what has been
Point to one end, which is always present.
Footfalls echo in the memory
Down the passage which we did not take
Towards the door we never opened
Into the rose-garden. My words echo
Thus, in your mind.

Four Quartets by T. S. Eliot is a work of four poems: Burnt Norton (1935), East Coker (1940), The Dry Salvages (1941), and Little Gidding (1942) which has been acclaimed by many as one of the greatest works of mystical poetry ever written, and one of the greatest poetic compositions of the twentieth century. It requires little to appreciate the beauty of the words and the mysteries it evokes, but a great deal of knowledge and reflection to adequately appreciate many of the mystical and historical allusions that it makes. These selections are but excerpts that indicate the worth of the whole.

TIME PRESENT AND TIME PAST ARE BOTH PERHAPS PRESENT IN TIME FUTURE

AND TIME FUTURE CONTAINED IN TIME PAST

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
4
PAST
56
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
4
BOTH
45
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
-
7
PERHAPS
83
38
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
6
FUTURE
91
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
6
FUTURE
91
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
9
CONTAINED
85
40
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
4
PAST
56
11
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
83
-
87
First Total
1044
405
63
-
4
16
3
4
10
6
14
8
9
-
-
8+3
-
8+7
Add to Reduce
1+0+4+4
4+0+5
6+3
-
-
1+6
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
11
-
15
Second Total
9
18
9
-
4
7
3
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
7
3
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

 

www.phrases.org.uk › Discussion Forum

Virgil wrote in _Aeneid_ Book 9:

: : Macte nova virtute, sic itur ad astra.
: : (Blessings on your young courage, boy; that's the way to the stars.)

 

 

Per ardua ad astra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_ardua_ad_astra

Per ardua ad astra ("Through adversity to the stars" or "Through struggle to the stars") is the motto of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces ...
‎Origin - ‎Variants - ‎Other uses - ‎See also

 

 

The Royal Air Force Motto
www.raf.mod.uk › History › The Royal Air Force Roundel

The Royal Air Force Motto - "Per ardua ad astra". As far as can be ascertained, the motto of the Royal Air Force dates back to 1912 and the formation of the ...

As far as can be ascertained, the motto of the Royal Air Force dates back to 1912 and the formation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The first Commanding Officer of the RFC (Military Wing) was Colonel Frederick Sykes. He asked his officers to come up with a motto for the new service; one which would produce a strong esprit de corps.

Shortly after this, two junior officers were walking from the Officers' Mess at Farnborough to Cody's Shed on Laffan Plain. As they walked, they discussed the problem of the motto and one of them, JS Yule, mentioned the phrase "Sicictar ad Astra", from the Virgilian texts. He then expanded on this with the phrase "Per ardua ad astra", which he translated as, "Through Struggles to the Stars". Colonel Sykes approved of this as the motto and forwarded it to the War Office. It was then submitted to the King, who approved its adoption.

The question of where this motto had come from can be answered by he fact that Yule had read it in a book called "People of the Mist" by Sir Henry Rider Haggard. In the first chapter was the passage, "To his right were two stately gates of iron fantastically wrought, supported by stone pillars on whose summit stood griffins of black marble embracing coats of arms and banners inscribed with the device 'Per ardua ad astra'".

As to where Sir Rider Haggard obtained this phrase is still unclear although it is possible that it originated from the Irish family of Mulway who had used it as their family motto for hundreds of years and translated it as "Through Struggles to the Stars".

The authoritative translation of the motto is just as unsure as the source. Since there can be a number of different meanings to 'Ardua' and 'Astra', scholars have declared it to untranslatable. To the Royal Air Force and Commonwealth Air Forces though it will remain "Through struggle to the stars". It is peculiar to the Royal Air Force and has been made famous by the heroic and courageous deeds of our air forces over the years.

 

 

P
=
7
-
3
PER
39
21
3
A
=
1
-
5
ARDUA
45
18
9
A
=
1
-
2
AD
5
5
5
A
=
1
-
5
ASTRA
59
14
5
-
-
10
-
15
First Total
148
58
22
-
-
1+0
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+4+8
5+8
2+2
-
-
1
-
3
Second Total
13
13
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
1
-
3
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THROUGH
97
43
7
S
=
1
-
8
STRUGGLE
109
37
1
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
STARS
77
14
5
-
-
8
-
25
Add to Reduce
351
117
27
-
-
-
-
2+5
Reduce to Deduce
3+5+1
1+1+7
2+7
-
-
8
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
7
THROUGH
97
43
7
A
=
1
-
8
ADVERSITY
123
42
6
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
STARS
77
14
5
-
-
8
-
25
First Total
365
122
32
-
-
-
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+6+5
1+2+2
3+2
-
-
8
-
7
Second Total
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
8
-
7
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann

1875-1955

Page 466

"Had not the normal, since time was, lived on the achievements of the abnormal? Men consciously and voluntarily descended into disease and madness, in search of knowledge which, acquired by fanaticism, would lead back to health; after the possession and use of it had ceased to be conditioned by that heroic and abnormal act of sacrifice. That was the true death on the cross, the true Atonement."

 

 

AT ONE MENTALLY GODS MENTALLY AT ONE

CRUCIFIXION

 

 

NAMASTE

PEACE LOVE AND LIGHT UNTO ALL SENTIENT BEINGS

 

 

HOLY BIBLE
Scofield References
Page 1117
A.D. 30.
Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily,
I say unto thee, Except a man be born again,
He cannot see the kingdom of God.
St John Chapter 3 verse 3
3 + 3 3 x 3
6 x 9
54
5 + 4
9

 

 

IN SEARCH OF THE MIRACULOUS

Fragments of an Unknown Teaching

P.D.Oupensky 1878- 1947

Page 217

" 'A man may be born, but in order to be born he must first die, and in order to die he must first awake' "
" 'When a man awakes he can die; when he dies he can be born'"

 

 

WAY OF THE PEACEFUL WARRIOR

A

BOOK THAT CHANGES LIVES

Dan Millman 1980

Page 44

"...do you recall that I told you we must work on changing your mind before you can see the warrior's way? / Page 45 / "Yes, but I really don't think. . ."
"Don't be afraid," he repeated. "Comfort yourself with a saying of Confucius," he smiled. " 'Only the supremely wise and the ignorant do not alter.' "Saying that, he reached out and placed his hands gently but firmly on my temples.
Nothing happened for a moment-then suddenly, I felt a growing pressure in the middle of my head. There was a loud buzzing, then a sound like waves rushing up on the beach. I heard bells ringing, and my head felt as if it was going to burst. That's when I saw the light, and my mind exploded with its brightness. Something in me was dying I knew this for a certainty-and something else was being born Then the light engulfed everything."

 

 

CLOSER TO THE LIGHT

Melvin Morse with Paul Perry 1990

Page 78

CONJURED DEATHS AND ANCIENT RULERS

"Deep in an underground chamber a solemn group of men is seeking guidance "from death. They are dressed in white robes and chanting softly around a casket that is sealed with wax. One of their members is steadfastly counting to himself, carefully marking the time. After about eight minutes, the casket is opened, and the man who nearly suffocated inside is revived by the rush of fresh air. He tells the men around him what he saw. As he passed out from lack of oxygen, he saw a light that became brighter and larger as he sped toward it through a tunnel. From that light came a radiant person in white who delivered a message of eternal life.
The priest who is attending this ceremony is pleased with the results. "No man escapes death," he says. "And every living soul is destined to resurrection. You go into the tomb alive that you will learn of the light."
The man who died" but is now reborn is happy. He is now a member of one of the strangest societies in history, a group of civic leaders who induced nearly fatal suffocation to create a near-death experience."

Page 84

""How is it that many physicians have stopped observing and listening?
Only twenty years ago, it came as a complete surprise to the medical profession that dying people actually went through a variety of psychological stages before passing on. In her hotly debated "pioneering" work, On Death and Dying, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross claimed that there were five stages of dying: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Yet this "hotly debated" information has long been common knowledge to most nurses, who attend patients and talk to them instead of at them.
The medical establishment has managed to make near­death experiences a freakish event, not the rule. It has convinced patients that they are having bad dreams, not profound experiences that bond them with all of humanity."

 

 

THE BIOLOGY OF DEATH

Lyall Watson 1974

Page 49

"As long ago as 1836, in a Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, this was said: 'Individuals who are apparently destroyed in a sudden manner, by certain wounds, diseases or even decapitation, are not really dead, but are only in conditions incompatible with the persistence of life. '231 This is an elegant and vital distinction. Death is not 'incompatible with the persistence of life'. Our ability to bring all kinds of death back to life is limited only by the state of our technology."

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1875-1955

Page 496

"There is both rhyme and reason in what I say, I have made a dream poem of humanity.
I will cling to it. I will be good. I will let death have no mastery over my thoughts.
For therein lies goodness and love of humankind, and in nothing else." Page 496 / 497/ "Love stands opposed to death. It is love, not reason, that is stronger than death . Only love, not reason, gives sweet thoughts. And from love and sweetness alone can form come: form and civilisation, friendly and enlightened , beautiful human intercourse-always in silent recognition of the blood-sacrifice. Ah, yes, it is it is well and truly dreamed. I have taken stock I will keep faith with death in my heart, yet well remember that faith with death and the dead is evil, is hostile to mankind, so soon as we give it power over thought and action. For the sake of goodness and love, man shall let death have no sovereignty over his thoughts. And with this -I awake. For I have dreamed it out to the end, I have come to my goal."

 

 

THE

PROPHET

Kahil Gibran

Page 82/83/84/85/86

"If these be vague words, then seek not to clear them.

Vague and nebulous is the beginning of all things, but not their end,

And I would have you remember me as a beginning.

Life, and all that lives, is conceived in the mist and not in the crystal.

And who knows but a crystal is mist in decay

This would I have you remember in remembering me:

That which seems most feeble and bewildered in you is the strongest and most determined.

Is it not your breath that has erected and hardened the structure of your bones?

And is it not a dream which none of you remember having dreamt, that builded your city and fashioned all there is in it?

Could you but see the tides of that breath you would cease to see all else,

And if you could hear the whispering of the dream you would hear no other sound.

But you do not see, nor do you here, and it is well.

The veil that clouds your eyes shall be lifted by the hands that wove it,

And the clay that fills your ears shall be pierced by those fingers that kneaded it.

And you shall see

And you shall hear.

Yet you shall not deplore having known blindness, nor regret having been deaf

For in that day you shall know the hidden purposes in all things,

And you shall bless darkness as you would bless light.

After saying these things he looked about him,

and he saw the pilot of his ship standing by the helm

and gazing now at the full sails and now at the distance.

And he said:

Patient, over patient, is the captain of my ship.

The wind blows, and restless are the sails;

Even the rudder begs direction;

Yet quietly my captain awaits my silence.

And these my mariners, who have heard the

choir of the greater sea, they too have heard me

patiently.

Now they shall wait no longer.

I am ready

The stream has reached the sea, and once more

THE GREAT MOTHER

holds her son against her breast.

Fare you well, people of Orphalese.

This day has ended.

It is closing upon us even as the water-lily upon its own tomorrow.

What was given us here we shall keep,

And if it suffices not, then again must we come together and together

stretch our hands unto the giver.

Forget not that I shall come back to you.

A little while, and my longing shall gather dust and foam for another body.

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.

Farewell to you and the youth I have spent with you.

It was but yesterday we met in a dream.

You have sung to me in my aloneness, and I of your longings have built a tower in the sky.

But now our sleep has fled and our dream is over, and it is no longer dawn.

The noontide is upon us and our half waking has turned to fuller day, and we must part.

If in the twilight of memory we should meet once more,

we shall speak again together and you shall sing to me a deeper song.

and if our hands should meet in another dream we shall build another tower in the sky.

So saying he made a signal to the seamen,

and straightaway they weighed anchor and cast the ship loose from its moorings, and they moved eastward.

And a cry came from the people as from a single heart,

and it rose into the dusk and was carried out over the sea like a great trumpeting.

Only Almitra was silent, gazing after the ship until it had vanished into the mist.

And when all the people were dispersed she still stood alone upon the sea-wall,

remembering in her heart his saying:

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.'

 

 

A LITTLE WHILE A MOMENT OF REST UPON THE WIND AND ANOTHER WOMAN SHALL BEAR ME

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
6
LITTLE
78
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
5
WHILE
57
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
6
MOMENT
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
4
REST
62
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
4
WIND
50
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
7
ANOTHER
81
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
W
=
5
-
5
WOMAN
66
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
SHALL
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
-
4
BEAR
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
-
2
ME
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
53
-
62
First Total
711
279
81
-
3
2
12
4
5
12
7
24
18
-
-
5+3
-
6+2
Add to Reduce
7+1+1
2+7+9
8+1
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
1+2
-
2+4
1+8
-
-
8
-
8
Second Total
9
18
9
-
3
2
3
4
5
3
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
2
3
4
5
3
7
6
9

 

 

KEEPER OF GENESIS

A

QUEST

FOR THE HIDDEN LEGACY OF MANKIND

Robert Bauval Graham Hancock

1996

Return to the Beginning

Page 283

'I stand before the masters who witnessed the genesis, who were the authors of their own forms, who walked the dark, circuitous passages of their own becoming. . .
I stand before the masters who witnessed the transformation of the body of a man into the body in spirit, who were witnesses to resurrection when the corpse of Osiris entered the mountain and the soul of Osiris walked out shining. . . when he came forth from death, a shining thing, his face white with heat. . .
I stand before the masters who know the histories of the dead, who decide which tales to hear again, who judge the books of lives as either fun or empty, who are themselves authors of truth. And they are Isis and Osiris, the divine intelligences. And when the story is written and the end is good and the soul of a man is perfected, with a shout they lift him into heaven. . .'
Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead (Normandi Ellis translation)

the transformation of the body of a man into the body in spirit

 

 

IN SEARCH OF THE MIRACULOUS

Fragments of an Unknown Teaching

.D.Oupensky 1878- 1947

Page 217

" 'A man may be born, but in order to be born he must first die, and in order to die he must first awake.' "
" 'When a man awakes he can die; when he dies he can be born'"

 

 

THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD

Or
The After Death Experience on the Bardo Plane, according to Lama Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English Rendering

Compiled and edited by W. Y. Evans-Wentz 1960

Facing Preface To The Paperback Edition

'Thou shalt understand that it is a science most profitable, and passing all other sciences, for to learn to die. For a man to know that he shall die, that is common to all men; as much as there is no man that may ever live or he hath hope or trust thereof; but thou shalt find full few that have this calling to learn to die. . . . I shall give thee the mystery of this doctrine; the which shall profit thee greatly to the beginning of ghostly health, and to a stable fundament of all virtues.

'- Orologium Sapientiae.

 

'Against his will he dieth that hath not learned to die. Learn to die and thou shalt learn to live, for there shall none learn to live that hath not learned to die.'

-Toure of all Toures: and Teacheth a Man for to Die.

The Book of the Craft of Dying (Comper's Edition).

 

'Whatever is here, that is there; what is there, the same is here. He who seeth here as different, meeteth death after death.

'By mind alone this is to be realized, and [then] there is no difference here. From death to death he goeth, who seeth as if there is difference here.'

-Katha Upanishad, iv. 10-11 (Swami Sharvananda's Translation)"

Facing Preface to the Second Edition

BONDAGE TO REBIRTH

"As a man's desire is, so is his destiny. For as his desire is, so is his will; and as his will is, so is his deed; and as his deed is, so is his reward, whether good or bad.
' A man acteth according to the desires to which he clingeth. After death he goeth to the next world bearing in his mind the subtle impressions of his deeds; and, after reaping there the harvest of his deeds, he returneth again to this world of action. Thus he who hath desire continueth subject to rebirth.'"

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

FREEDOM FROM REBIRTH

'He who lacketh discrimination, whose mind is unsteady and whose heart is impure, never reacheth the goal, but is born again and again. But he who hath discrimination, whose mind is steady and whose heart is pure, reacheth the goal, and having reached it is born no more.'

Katha Upanishad.

(Swami Prabhavananda's and Frederick Manchester's Translations).

Page xi

SRI KRISHNA'S REMEMBERING

'Many lives Arjuna, you and I have lived.

I remember them all but thou dost not.'

Bhagavad Gita, iv, 5., iv, 5.


Page xx
"......... Denison........."

 

 

INCARNATION

THE DEAD RETURN

Daniel Easterman 1998

Page 99

"........David........."

Page 3

"The old man's name was Dennison"

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
5
5
11
TERRESTRIAL
145
55
1
16
EXTRATERRESTRIAL
213
78
6
3
AND
19
10
1
9
CELESTIAL
86
32
5
2
AM
14
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
49
First Total
558
216
45
4+9
Add to Reduce
5+5+8
2+1+6
4+5
13
Second Total
18
9
9
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 
 
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